178 BATRACHIA: URODELA. xxvi. 



494. A. punctatum (L.). SPOTTED SALAMANDER. Black 

 above with a series of round yellow spots on each side of the back ; 

 body broad, depressed and swollen ; skin punctate with small 

 pores from which exudes a milky fluid; two or three clusters of 

 enlarged pores on head ; a strong dorsal groove ; tail 2^ in length ; 

 costal grooves sometimes 10; large. L. 6. Nova Scotia to Nebr. 

 and S , common. 



495. A. conspersum Cope. Lead colored, with one or two 

 series of small yellowish spots along sides ; no dorsal groove ; skin 

 smooth; body slender; tail shorter than head and body; tail 2 in 

 length; small. Penn. to Ga. (Lat., sprinkled.) 



bb. Sole with two distinct tubercles. 



496. A. bicolor (Hallowell). Olive brown, yellowish below, the 

 yellow rising in blotches on the sides ; a few ill-defined yellowish 

 spots above ; limbs banded ; tail yellow with brown spots ; body 

 stout and heavy. L. 6. N. J. 



497. A. copianum Hay. Dark brown, yellowish below; no dis- 

 tinct spots ; limbs not banded ; tail not spotted ; body very short 

 and stout, the distance from snout to axil equal to distance from 

 axil to groin ; tail long, compressed. Irvington, Ind., one specimen 

 known. (To Edward Drinker Cope.) 



aaa. Costal grooves 12. 



e. Sole with two distinct tubercles ; snout with mucous pores. 



498. A. tigrinum (Green). Dark brown, with usually many 

 irregular yellow blotches, sometimes arranged in cross-bands ; body 

 thick and strong ; the head comparatively long ; tail not much, if any, 

 longer than head and body ; color varying from uniform brown to 

 yellow, but usually spotted. L. 8. N. E. to Minn, and S., common. 



499. A. xiphias Cope. Yellow olive, brighter below ; back and 

 sides with brown reticulating bands ; head small, blunt ; tail very 

 long, much longer than head and body. L. 11. Ohio. (1^109, 

 sword-shaped.) 



ee. Sole with one indistinct tubercle or none; palatine teeth inter- 

 rupted. 



500. A. jeffersonianum (Green). Olive brown or blackish, 

 usually with pale or bluish spots, but sometimes uniform plumbeous. 

 Head small, eyes far back ; body slender ; fore limb not reaching 

 hinder when appressed. L. 5 to 8. Va. to Ind. and N., common, 

 variable. Prof. Cope recognizes the typical variety jeffersonianum, 

 Penn. to 111. and N.; var. laterals Hallowell, Canada to Wis., 

 with large white spots on sides and tail ; var. fuscum Hallowell, S. 

 Ind. to Va., dark brown, a darker band along sides ; var. platineum, 

 Ohio to S. Ill, with narrower head, 5\ to 6 in length to groin ; plum- 

 beous, paler below, sometimes with whitish blotches. (To Thomas 

 Jefferson.) 



