PICHXffi. CLIX. 267 



d. Hind toes 2; nasal groove running nearly to tip of bill, which is not 



much compressed toward tip DRYOBATES, 442. 



dd. Hind toe single (the real hind toe wanting); bill broad, much 



compressed PICOIDES, 443. 



cc. Tongue obtuse, brushy, scarcely extensible ; nasal groove running 

 into tomium near middle of bill; bill evidently compressed to- 

 wards its tip; (belly more or less yellowish). SPHYRAPICUS, 444. 

 act. Outer toe not longer than outer anterior toe. 



e. Head conspicuously crested; (size large; bill dark). 



CEOPHLCEUS, 445. 

 ee. Head not crested. 



f. Upper mandible with a distinct low lateral ridge, the tip more 

 or less truncate MELANERPES, 446. 



ff. Upper mandible without distinct lateral ridge or nasal groove, 

 the tip scarcely truncate COLAPTES, 447. 



441. CAMPEPHILUS Gray. (KG/WIT;, caterpillar ; <iXos, loving.) 



842. C. principalis (L.). IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER. Black 

 with white on shoulders and wings ; crest scarlet in <, black in <J>. 

 L. 21. W. 11. T. 8. Southern, formerly N. to S. 111. 



442. DRYOBATES Boie. (fyw, oak ; pdrrjs, walker.) 

 a. Back black, with a long white stripe ; sides usually white. 



843. D. villosus (L.). HAIRY WOODPECKER. BIG SAP- 

 SUCKER. Spotted and lengthwise streaked, but not banded; outer 

 tail feathers wholly white. L. 9. W. 5. T. 3^. A scarlet nuchal 

 band in only. N. Am., common. 



844. D. pubescens (L.). DOWNY WOODPECKER. LITTLE 

 SAP-SUCKER. Outer tail feathers white, barred with black ; other- 

 wise precisely like the other, but much smaller. L. 6^. W. 3|. 

 T. 2|. N. Am., common. 



aa. Back black, barred with white ; sides usually spotted or streaked with 

 black. 



845. D. borealis (Vieillot). RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER. 

 Black and white, spotted and crosswise banded, but not streaked ; 

 a red line on each side of head in $. L. 8. W. 4. T. 3. 

 S. E. U. S., in swamps, N. to Penn. 



443. PICOIDES Lacepede. (Picus-, eiSor, resemblance.) 



846. P. arcticus (Swainson). BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKER. 

 Black and white ; no white on back or top of head ; crown yellow 

 in , plain in 9 . L. 9. W. 5. T. 3|. N. Am., S. in winter, 

 to N. U. S. 



847. P. americanus Brehm. Back with white bars or a white 

 stripe; usually more or less white on head; otherwise as in the pre- 

 ceding. L. 8. W. 4. T. 3J. Arctic Amer., S. in winter to 

 N. E. 



