268 AVES: PICI. XLIV. 



444. SPHYRAPICUS Baird. (V^Opa, hammer; Picus.) 



848. S. varius (L.). YELLOW-BELLIED WOODPECKER. Black 

 and whitish above ; black on breast ; rump mixed black and white ; 

 belly more or less yellowish ; sides streaked with dusky ; a white 

 wing patch ; quills with white spots ; crown red in adult $ and 

 usually 9 a ^o ; chin scarlet, throat black in < ; both white in 9 , 

 young dull brownish. L. 8J. W. 4f. T. 3. N. Am., not rare, 

 the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 



445. CEOPHLOESUS Cabanis. (Hylatomus l Baird.) 

 (KCQ>, to split ; <Xoios> bark.) 



849. C. pileatus (L.). LOGCOCK. Black; white streak down 

 neck ; crest and cheek patch scarlet in < ; cheeks and front of 

 crest black in 9. L. 18. W. 9. T. 7. N. Am.; in heavy tim- 

 ber, a shy bird, now becoming rare. (Lat., capped.) 



446. MELANERPBS Swainson. (p&as, black ; cpTrrjs, creeper.) 



a. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy blue-black (grayish in young). 

 (Melanerpes.) 



850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. 

 Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 

 black ; belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure white; rest of body glossy 

 blue-black. L. 9J. W. 5J. T. 3f. E. U. S., rare in N. E., very 

 abundant W. (tpvQpos, red ; Kf<pa\r), head.) 



aa. Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. (Centurus Swainson.) 



851. M. carolinus (L.). RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. Gray- 

 ish, much barred above with black and white ; belly pale ashy, more 

 or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in , ashy in 9 

 L. 9{. W. 5. T. 3J. E. U. S., rather S., common W. 



447. COLAPTES Swainson. (KoAaTrr^, chisel.) 



852. C. auratus (L.). YELLOW-HAMMER. FLICKER. GOLDEN- 

 WINGED WOODPECKER. HIGH-HOLER. Head ashy, with red 

 nuchal crescent ; back drab-color, barred with black ; rump white ; 

 below pinkish brown shading into yellowish ; a black crescent on 

 breast ; belly with numerous round black spots ; shafts and under 

 surfaces of quills golden yellow ; $ with a black maxillary patch. 

 L. 12. W. 6. T. 4. E. N. Am., abundant. 



853. C. cafer (Gmelin). RED-SHAFTED FLICKER. Quills with 

 orange red instead of golden ; maxillary patches in $ red instead 



i The earlier name Hylatomus is set aside by the A. O. U. on account of the still, 

 earlier HyJotoma, a genus of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that " A name is 

 a name without necessary meaning," and therefore that generic names are different 

 unless spelled alike, even though derived from the same Greek root. I prefer to use 

 Hylatomus, Eremophila, Lagochila, Lucania, Icteria, Cestreus, Heterodontus, and similar 

 names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hylotoma, Eremophilus, Lagocheilus, 

 Lucanus, Icterus, Cestrceus, and Heterodon. 



