FRINGILLID^l. CLXVH. 283 



w. Bill tapering rapidly to the acute tip; nostrils concealed by small 

 antrorse feathers; (plumage streaked above and below). 



PASSERELLA, 489. 



uu. Bill tapering gradually toward the rather obtuse tip; nostrils ex- 

 posed ; (plumage not streaked) PIPILO, 490. 



tt. Hind claw scarcely longer than its toe. 



v. Tertials very long, longer than secondaries, not much shorter than 

 longest primaries ; (a white wing patch). . CALAMOSPIZA, 496. 

 vv. Tertials scarcely or not longer than secondaries, not nearly reach- 

 ing tips of longest primaries. 

 w. (Outer tail feather largely white ; plumage not streaked.) 



JUNCO, 486. 



ww. (Outer tail feather not white.) 

 x. Lower mandible much deeper than upper; (<J with blue or 



green) PASSERINA, 494. 



xx. Lower mandible not deeper than upper; (plumage streaky 



above ; no blue) ; wings not much longer than tail. 

 y. Tail more or less forked ; its middle feathers shortest ; (no 

 yellow; plumage not streaked below). . SPIZELLA, 485. 

 yy. Tail rounded (or slightly double-rounded). 

 z. Primaries exceeding secondaries by more than length of 

 bill ; (head in adult striped ; in young chestnut ; plumage 



not streaked below) ZONOTKICHIA, 484. 



zz. Primaries exceeding secondaries by not more than length 



of bill, 

 a. (Edge of wing yellow; plumage not streaked below.) 



PEUC^EA, 487. 



aa. (No yellow anywhere ; plumage streaked below, or else 

 with the crown chestnut.) . . . MELOSPIZA, 488. 



471. COCCOTHRAUSTES Brisson. (KOKKOS, berry; 6pav<o, 



to crush.) 



a. Tips of four inner primaries of normal form, not widened at end. (Hesperi- 

 phona Bonap.). 



892. C. vespertiiius (Cooper). EVEXING GROSBEAK. Oliva- 

 ceous ; crown, wings, tail and tibia black ; forehead, rump, and 

 crissum yellow; inner secondaries and coverts white; bill very 

 large, yellowish ; 9 g ra y er with little yellow. L. 8. W. 4^. 

 T. 2^. W. N. Am., irregularly E. to Ohio or beyond, one of the 

 most striking of the finches. (Lat., of sunset.) 



472. PINICOLA Vieillot. (Lat. pinus, pine ; colo, I inhabit.) 



893. P. enucleator (L.). PINE GROSBEAK. $ chiefly rose 

 red ; changing to ashy below and behind ; wings dusky, with two 

 white wing bars ; 9 ashy gray, with brownish yellow on head and 

 rump ; bill blackish. L. 8. W. 4^. T. 4. Northern regions, 

 S. in winter to V^., in pine woods, etc. (Jw.) The American 

 bird (var. canadensis Cabanis) is larger and more brightly colored. 

 (Lat., one who shells nuts.) 



