284 AVES: PASSERES. XLVI. 



473. CARPODACUS 1 Kaup. (Kapiros, fruit ; MKOS, biting.) 



894. C. purpureus (Gmelin). PURPLE FINCH. Everywhere 

 streaky; flushed with red, most intense on the crown, fading 

 below and behind ; 9 olive brown and streaky, with no red ; bill 

 stout. L. 6. W. 3. T. 2. N. Am., a sweet singer. (Lat., 

 purple, which the bird is not.) 



474. LOXIA Linnaeus. (Xoop, crooked.) 

 a. Wing with white. 



895. L. leucoptera Gmelin. WHITE WINGED CROSSBILL. 

 $ rose red ; two white wing bars ; scapulars black ; 9 brownish 

 olive, speckled with dusky ; rump yellow. L. 6^. W. 3. T. 2. 

 N. N. Am., S. in winter, with the next, less common; variable. 

 (\fVKos, white; nrepov, wing.) 



aa. Wing with no white. 



896. L. curvirostra L. KED CROSSBILL. $ brick-red; wings 

 dusky, unmarked; 9 brownish, washed with greenish yellow. 

 L. 6. W. 3. T. 2. Northern regions, about pine woods ; S. 

 in winter, sometimes in large flocks, to Tenn. and Va. (Eu.) 

 The rather small form in E. U. S. is var. minor Brehm. The sin- 

 gular bill is adapted for opening nuts. (Lat., curve-bill.) 



475. IiEUCOSTICTE Swainson. (XevKoy, white ; <TTIKTOS, 

 spotted.) 



897. L. tephrocotis Swainson. Cinnamon-brown; head more 

 or less ashy gray ; nasal tufts white ; quills dusky ; tail coverts 

 edged with rose pink in adult. L. 6. W. 4. T. 3. Rocky Mts., 

 E. to Iowa. (r((j)p6s, gray ; ous, ear.) 



476. ACANTHIS Bechstein. (dicavOls, thistle-bird.) 



a. Crown red in both sexes, crimson in <f , lustrous brownish-red in 9 ; 

 chin blackish ; no yellow. 



898. A. hornemanni (Holboll). GREENLAND REDPOLL. Sides 

 and rump scarcely streaked ; colors very pale. $ with breast 

 merely pinkish. L. 5. W. 3. T. 2. Greenland ; the small var. 

 exilipes (Coues) S. to N. U. S. in winter. (To J. W. Hornemann.) 



899. A. Unarms (L.). RED POLL LINNET. Throat, breast 

 and rump rosy in <J ; much streaked above and on sides ; rump 



1 In the vicinity of Carpodacm belongs the Old World genus : 

 Passer Brisson. P. domesticus (L.). EUROPEAN HOUSE SPARROW. $ chestnut 

 brown above, thickly streaked ; ashy below ; throat, lores and chin black ; ? duller, 

 without black ; feet small. L. 6. W. 2f. T. 2J. Introduced from Europe ; abun- 

 dant in all towns E., a nuisance unfortunately long past the possibility of abatement. 

 (Eu.) 



P. montanus (L.). EUROPEAN TREE SPARROW. Smaller ; J with black of throat 

 not continued over chest ; top of head liver-brown. L. 5$. W. 2|. T. 2$. Europe, 

 naturalized about St. Louis. 



