336 MAMMALIA: UNGULATA. LIL 



bb. Horns very broadly palmated to the tip; nose very broad, entirely 



hairy except a small naked spot between nostrils. . . ALCE, 588. 



aa. Horns (present in both sexes) broadly palmated at tip; nose entirely 



hairy RANGIFER, 599. 



586. CARIACUS Gray. (Old name.) 



1112. C. virginianus (Boddaert). VIRGINIA DEER. RED 

 DEER. General color chestnut red, grayish in winter ; tail white 

 below. Maine to Rocky mountains and S., formerly very common, 

 and still abundant in wild districts. 



1113. C. leucurus (Douglas). WHITE TAILED DEER. Yel- 

 lowish gray, waved with dusky ; lower side of tail, etc., white ; 

 chin mostly white; size of preceding. Neb. to Texas and W. 

 (AevKos, white ; ovpa, tail.) 



1114. C. macrotis (Say). MULE DEER. Larger; ears very 

 long, nearly as long as tail. Ashy brown, a darker dorsal stripe. 

 Neb. to Ore. (/xa/cpoy, long ; ovs, ear.) 



587. CERVUS Linnseus. (Lat., deer.) 



1115. C. canadensis Erxleben. WAPITI. Chestnut red, gray- 

 ish in winter ; size nearly equal to that of the Moose. Va. to Wis., 

 Dak. and W. , now becoming rare ; commonly and wrongly called 

 " Elk " in America. 



588. ALCE Hamilton Smith. (From Elk.) 



1116. A. alces (L.). MOOSE. TRUE ELK. Tawny above, 

 yellowish below ; ears large ; profile of snout very convex. Larg- 

 est of our Cervidce, reaching the size of a horse. Maine and N. 

 N. Y. to Oregon and N. (2w.) The American form is var. 

 americanus Jardine. 



589. RANGIFER Hamilton Smith. (Old name.) 



1117. R. tarandus (L.). REINDEER. Brownish, grayer in 

 winter. American varieties of the Reindeer, or possibly distinct 

 species, are the Woodland Caribou, var. caribou (Kerr), found from 

 Maine to L. Superior and N., and the Barren Ground Caribou, 

 var. groenlandicus (Kerr), smaller and confined to the treeless 

 Arctic regions. (Eu.) (Lat., reindeer.) 



FAMILY CXCVI. BOVID^E. (THE CATTLE.) 



Ruminants with the horns, if present, simple or nearly so, hol- 

 low, permanent, each enclosing a process of the frontal bone. 

 Teeth i. -| ; c. % ; m. f:f =32. Genera about 35; species 80 or 

 more, inhabiting warm regions, and most abundant in the Old 

 World. The ox (Bos taurus L.), the sheep (Ovis ernes), and the 

 goat (Capra hircus), are familiar members of the family. 



