THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



231 



is hung between two ropes which are at- 

 tached almost midway between the top and 

 bottom of the same. These ropes pass' 

 through pulleys situated directly over the 

 supply of water, and are attached to the 

 swivel before mentioned. These ropes are 

 long enough to reach the water and allow 

 the bucket to fill when the post with the 

 swivel is nearest the water supply, and 

 upon the frame being drawn to the opposite 

 side of the circle, will raise the bucket to 

 the desired height, and upon returning to 

 the starting point the bucket will descend. 



'Jhis bucket may be constructed so it 

 will fill at the open end, or, in case of wells, 

 may be provided with a valve in the bot- 

 tom, through which the water will find its 

 way. The bucket is provided with a pro- 

 jection at the open end which engages with 

 a cross-piece when it reaches the delivery 

 point and causes the bucket to tip to one 

 side, emptying the water into a swaying 

 receiving box which moves forward auto- 

 matically each time the bucket is emptied. 



Water can be drawn from any number of 

 wells at one and the same operation, and 

 the size of the bucket is only limited by 

 the quantity of water desired and the 

 power applied. 



One photo shows the complete machine 

 operating one 40-inch well, raising 200 

 gallons of water per minute, while the other 

 picture shows the water as it flows from 

 the receiving box. 



WESTERN FRUIT PESTS. 

 A few years ago Utah fruits were in de- 

 mand and considered equal in quality with 

 the products of any section where irriga- 

 tion was practiced. That was in the days 

 when orchards and vineyards were young 

 and required but little attention. A 

 change has come over the fruit industry, 

 and foreign fruits fill the demands of 

 much of the Utah market. The reason 

 for this is that the trees and vines are 

 neglected and their various enemies have 

 taken possession of many enclosures that 

 once produced excellent fruits. What is 

 true of Utah is applicable to some of the 

 older settled districts of other Western 



States. The codlin moth, tree bor. rs, leaf 

 blight, water rot and other diseases are de- 

 stroying the trees. 



I have experimented in various ways 

 with fruit trees and vines, and have dis 

 covered that they require constant care 

 and attention in order to make fruit-grow- 

 ing a profitable business. Rabbits gnaw 

 the young trees, insects attack the roots, 

 too much water kills the trunks, and un- 

 less properly planned and cultivated they 

 are many years old before bearing and do 

 not produce good fruits. The atmosphere 

 of the West is very dry and conducive to 

 twig blight,, dry rot and impoverished 

 leaves On account of but little rain the 

 leaf mites, caterpillars, moth and all in- 

 sects, clinging to the branches or fruits, 

 are undisturbed in their work of destruc- 

 tion. Over-irrigation of the roots checks 

 the growth and weakens the trees so that 

 pests can easily sap out their vitality. 



The moj-t effective remedy against rab- 

 bits is to surround the trees with a screen 

 made from wire netting, thin b iards, gun- 

 ny sacks or similar devises. A prepara- 

 tion of equal parts of linseed oil and lime, 

 mixrd to a thin paste, and put upon the 

 trees usually keeps the rabbits away. Some 

 fruit men report that rubbing the small 

 trees, late in the fall, with a greased rag 

 will be sufficient to prevent the rabbets 

 from gnawing. Another method is to mix 

 some soap and red pepper in whitewash 

 and paint the trunks of the trees as high 

 up as the rabbits can reach. Jf a little 

 green hay is distributed through the or- 

 chard in the winter the rabbits will eat 

 that and leave the trees. This costs but 

 little, as 500 pounds will be sufficient for 

 40 acres orchard. 



Thorough cultivation and correct moist- 

 ure at the roots of the trees will insure a 

 thrifty growth which prevents the iusects 

 from doing so much damage. The culti- 

 vation between the rows should be for 

 beets, mangels or other root crops, because 

 corn or grain is not generally cultivated, 

 but left to grow up in weeds. Any crop 

 will do, so long as the ground is well stirred 



