30 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



layer of smoke between the plants and 

 the sky, and 'so prevent the loss of heat. 

 For this purpose smudge fires giving 

 much smoke are best. Special torches 

 made of muck and clay have been 

 patented for this .purpose. Those who 

 have experimented in frost 'protection 

 seem to think that the sprink'ing method 

 is the most practical and efficient. Ex. 



GOOD AND BAD-FITTING COLLARS. 



Every horseman knows well the value 

 of a perfect-fitting collar to the horse's 

 neck and shoulders, says Dr. J. 0. 

 Curryer, in Farm, Stock and Home, and 

 every horseman also knows the annoyance, 

 irritation and torture to the horse, to say 

 nothing about spoiling an otherwise good 

 disposition, or making a balky horse of 

 the naturally true puller, by a collar that 

 is too long, too wide, and not adapted to 

 the form of the shoulder. The harness 

 horse does his work ''from the shoulder," 

 and certainly everybody will concede that 

 for the comfort of the animal, and value 

 to its owner, it deserves a perfect-fitting 

 collar, and that nothing short of adap- 

 tation of the collar to the shoulder and 

 neck will be satisfactory to either horse 

 or driver. 



Every horseman knows that not one 

 collar in one hundred in daily use is a 

 perfect fit; many will do, but a large 

 majority of them are too wide for the 

 neck and not adapted to the shoulders. 

 Every horse should have his own collar 

 to be able to do his work with comfort, 

 and every collar should be fitted to the 

 horse that is expected to wear it. If the 

 collar is too long it should be cut off at 

 the top; but if too wide and not adapted 

 to the shoulders of the horse, don't think 

 you must gtt a pad to fill in the space. 

 Pads to the horse's shoulders in summer 

 are about what overshoes would be to our 

 feet makes them tender and soft instead 

 of firm and tough. 



Select the style and length of collar 

 best adapted to the work to be performed, 

 and whether a new or old collar, ^oak it in 



water over night before fitting to the 

 horse. When ready to put it on, wipe off 

 the surplus water from the collar, put it 

 on and adjust the names at top and 

 bottom, so as to bring the collar to the 

 neck snugly its entire width. Don't have 

 it wide at the top and close at the bottom, 

 nor vice versa; but a close fit to the sides 

 of the neck, so that the collar will sit 

 firmly and not slide from side to side over 

 the shoulders, but as nearly immovable as 

 possible sidewise. When the collar is 

 soaked thoroughly it can be brought to 

 the sides of the horse's neck perfectly; 

 but when the collar is dry and stiff this 

 cannot be done with any degree of satis- 

 faction. When the wet collar has been 

 fitted to the horse's neck, with the*hame- 

 tugs draught at the proper place (neither 

 too high nor too low), then work the horse 

 in this wet collar at moderate draught 

 until the collar is dry, and a perfect fit 

 can be obtained. There is no other way 

 in which it can be done perfectly, and we 

 should never be satisfied with anything 

 short of an absolute fie of the collar to 

 both sides of the neck and the form of 

 the shoulders. 



Every manufacturer of leather to a 

 form invariably works it while soaking 

 wet and then leaves it to dry, after which 

 it will maintain its form until soaked 

 again and changed. Don't be afraid of 

 injury to the collar by soaking, if it is to 

 be put on the horse and brought to 

 position and maintained in proper place 

 until dry again: When the horses are 

 worked down thin in flesh and the collars 

 are too wide it is a simple matter to soak 

 them again and fit as in the first place. 

 Keep the horse's shoulders sound by 

 peifect fitting collars (which costs noth- 

 ing), and they will do their work more 

 easily and cheerfully, and you can sleep 

 sounder. California Cultivator. 



BARS BEET-SUGAR BOUNTY. 



The state supreme court in a unani- 

 mous opinion handed down today declared 

 the act granting a bounty of 1 cent per 



