24 



THE IRR1 GA II ON A GE. 



summer and beyond the reach of the frost 

 in winter. 



Too much stress cannot be placed on the 

 importance of plenty of pure water pro- 

 vided conveniently for dairy cows. Fever 

 conditions which affect the condition of 

 the milk are too often produced by cows 

 going too far to water. 



Tainted milk, or the fevered conditions 

 of the cow that leads to. tainted milk, is 

 produced in this way; too often it is ag- 

 gregated by the presence of a dog when 

 the udders are so full as to render every 

 step painful. 



Silage crops are so thoroughly dis- 

 tributed over the farm that the location of 

 the stable makes very little difference in 

 the work of filling the silo through easy 

 grades and a good hard track will mater* 

 ially assist the aggregate amount of forage 

 hauled with a given number of loads. 



Mr. Frank A. Converse, manager of the 

 agricultural departments of the Pan- 

 American Exposition is illustrating many 

 of these essentials to modern dairying on 

 the grounds. The intention is to interest 

 farmers in improving methods of conduct- 

 ing the business of the farm. 



After deciding on the proper location 

 for the stable a great deal of future work 

 may be saved by selecting the exact spot 

 according to grade that will give the most 

 advantages. Here again the farmer must 

 be guided by conditions. If it is possible 

 to provide sufficient fall to get a wagon 

 track about four feet below the level of 

 the stable floor it will facilitate removing 

 the manure, an item of no small moment, 

 as it is a daily occurrence that follows up 

 year after year; however, this is overcome 

 in a measure by the manure cages that 

 have a hand elevator attachment. 



After deciding on the size and dimen- 

 sions of the stable, it will pay to stake it 

 out on the ground several days or weeks 

 before the time set to commence opera- 

 tion; this will probably suve the remark 

 that we so often hear, " If I had to do it 



over again I would do it differently.'' Re- 

 member that you are laying out work for 

 yourself for years to come; a little fore- 

 sight is worth a tremendous lot of regret. 



It is a good plan to take a trip nbout the 

 country and look over half a dozen differ- 

 ent stables that are known to be correct in 

 principle. A good many men go ahead 

 with this kind of work without taking this 

 precaution with the result that after the 

 work is completed, or so far along that it 

 cannot be changed, mistakes are apparent. 

 A case in point occurred only last week. 

 A farmer in the eastern section of the 

 country was about to build a bank barn at 

 considerable expense. Hearing about the 

 work at the Pan-American, he decided to 

 investigate before completing his arrange- 

 ments. The result is that he has aban- 

 doned his original intention entirely, and 

 is now building a complete modern stable 

 on thoroughly scientific principles, as 

 mapped out by Mr. Converse at the Ex- 

 position. 



When the location is finally decided 

 upon, a trench for the wall should be dug 

 deep enough to go below frost. The 

 trench should be the exact width of the 

 wall, say twelve inches, and a tile scoop 

 used to hollow out a space around the out- 

 side of the trench at the bottom for a two 

 and one-half or three inch drain tile. Lay 

 the tile flush with the outside wall of the 

 trench and true up with earth so mortar will 

 not squeeze out over the tile. This drain tile 

 is very important as it answers the double 

 purpose of providing a dry foundation for 

 the wall and prevents rats from working 

 under. Rats will burrow down next to 

 the wall to find the bottom but when they 

 meet with an obstruction they will follow 

 it sometimes for a long distance along the 

 wall, but never think of working away 

 from the wall to get around it. 



Material for the wall must. depend upon 

 local conditions, price of stone, labor, etc. ; 

 in some localities stone is plentiful, in 

 others it is necessary to substitute grout 



