Beekeeping as an Occupation 



To utilize the principle of the frame-hive without departing 

 too radically from the skep, the Gravenhorst hive (Fig. 6) 

 was adopted by many 

 Germans, 

 ciencies are 



defi- 



FIG. 9. Carniolan hive. 



Its 



at once 



obvious from the il- 

 lustration. 



With the adoption 

 of the fundamental 

 principle of the frame- 

 hive, the types of hive 

 developed along two 

 main lines. The 

 original frame-hive of the German beekeepers, following 

 the example of Dzierzon, opened at the rear, and this 

 type (Fig. 7) is still much used. Its construction prevents 

 adequate expansion of the brood-chamber and of the room 

 for surplus, which are of such vital importance with modern 

 American manipulations. Such hives are ill suited to 



American condi- 

 tions and are 

 apparently losing 

 ground abroad. 



In connection 

 with these hives 

 as well as with 

 some other local 

 types, the Ger- 

 man, Austrian 

 and Swiss bee- 

 keepers often 

 keep their bees 

 in elaborately 

 ornamented bee- 

 houses (Fig. 8), 

 each colony of course having its own hive (Fig. 9). This 

 has been tried to a limited extent by American bee- 



FIG. 10. Bee-house mentioned in " The Hoosier 

 School Boy." 



