112 



Beekeeping 



Schiemenz, 1 and after 

 him by Cheshire, 2 to 

 be the source of food 

 given by the work- 

 ers to the larvae of 

 queens, drones and 

 workers. It is 

 claimed that the de- 

 velopment of these 

 glands is in propor- 

 tion to the special- 

 ization of the species 

 in the feeding of the 

 larvae ; in bumble- 

 bees (Bombus) they 

 are as well developed 

 as in the honeybee. 

 They are decreas- 

 ingly smaller in Psi- 

 thyrus, Andrena and 

 Anthophora. Since 

 the feeding of some 

 of these species is 

 entirely unlike that 

 of the honeybee, this 

 evolution perhaps 

 proves too much for 

 this theory. 



Schonfeld, 3 on the 

 contrary, holds that 

 the larval food arises in the ventriculus and not in these 



FIG. 60. Alimentary canal of worker, show- 

 ing glands, pharynx (Phy), oesophagus (CE), 

 honey-stomach (HS) , pro ventriculus (Pvenf) , 

 ventriculus (Vent), intestine (SInf), rectal 

 ampulla (Reef) and Malpighian tubules 

 (Mai). 



1 Schiemenz, Paulus, 1883. Ueber des Herkommen des Futtersaftes 

 und die Speicheldrusen der Bienen, nebst einem Anhange iiber das Reichor- 

 gan. Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., XXXVIII, pp. 71-135. 



2 Cheshire, 1886. Bees and beekeeping. 2 vols., London : L. Upcott 

 Gill. 



3 Schonfeld, 1886. Die physiologische Bedeutung des Magenmundes 

 der Honigbiene. Arch. f. Anat. und Physiol. Abth., pp. 451-458. 



