444 Beekeeping 



Pph, posterior phragma or postphragma of any tergum, 

 carried by the second notal plate or postnotum (PN), 

 the '''postscutellum" of higher forms. 



PR, internal pleural ridge, the entopleurum, marked exter- 

 nally by pleural suture (PS). 



Prb, proboscis. 



PrbFs, fossa of proboscis. 



PS, pleural suture, external line separating episternum and 

 epimerum, marking site of internal pleural ridge. 



Ps, presternum. 



Psc, prescutum. 



Pscl, postscutellum (postnotum). 



Psl, poststernellum. 



PsnC, poison canal of sting. 



PsnSc, poison sac of sting into which opens the acid gland (AGl). 



Pt, sensory pit. 



Ptr, peritreme, spiracle-bearing sclerite. 



Pvent, proventriculus. 



PventVlv, proventricular tube or valve in ventriculus. 



Qd, quadrate plate of sting. 



.R, radius, third vein of generalized wing. Ri-Rs, first to 

 fifth branches of radius. R s radial sector. 



RAp, apodeme of flexor muscle. 



Rd, posterior extension or reduplication of any tergal or 

 sternal plate overlapping plate following it. 



Reel, rectum, the large intestine of insects. 



RGl, rectal glands. 



r-m, radio-medial cross-vein. 



RMcl, flexor muscle of mandible or wing. 



IRMcl, dorsal retractor muscle of ligula. 



2RMcl, ventral retractor muscle of ligula. 



R t , radial sector, or second branch of radius at first forking. 



S, sternum. 



SalD, salivary duct. 



SalDO, external opening of salivary duct. 



Sc, subcosta, second vein of generalized wing. 



Scl, soutellum. 



Scp, scape. 



Set. scutum. 



Sga, subgalea. 



Sh, sheath of sting, equivalent to the second gonapophyses 

 (2G) or middle pair on ninth abdominal segment. 



Sh A, basal arm of sheath of sting. 



ShB, bulb of sheath of sting or ovipositor. 



ShS, shaft of sheath of sting. 



