

 THE IMPORTANCE OF LIVE STOCK 17 



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manufactured cheese, a valuable food that in Europe very 

 generally takes the place of meat among the laboring classes. 

 Butter, also a product of milk, is so greatly in demand that 

 thousands of creameries engage in its production. In 1910, 

 there were twenty million cows and heifers kept in the 

 United States, primarily for milk. Five states had over one 

 million dairy cows each. 



The use of animals for labor, no doubt dates from pre- 

 historic days when man subdued the horse. With the culti- 



Fig. 4. A miniature ox team in West Virginia. Photograph by Warren Booker. 



vation of the fields, both cattle and horses became beasts of 

 burden and laborers in the fields. Cattle are commonly 

 used for labor in parts of Europe, even dairy cows some- 

 times being employed to draw loads. Oxen were much used 

 in pioneer days for draft work in America, but have been 

 generally discarded on account of their slowness, yet even 

 today they may be seen serving in place of horses in some 

 parts of our country. In the pioneer settlement of America, 

 the ox team proved a very important means of transporta- 



