THE POINTS OF THE HORSE 151 



As time goes on the horsemen know 

 The oval teeth three-sided grow; 

 They longer get, project before 

 Till twenty, when we know no more. 



The soundness of the horse is regarded as very important. 

 Many unsound horses are bought by men who think them 

 sound. Then when these men attempt to sell, these horses 

 often show a great loss on the purchase price. Therefore, if 

 one is to be a capable judge, he must be able to distinguish 

 cases of unsoundness. This is not always easily done. 

 Some forms are not clearly apparent until well established. 

 If the respiration is not good, this is brought out in some form 

 of work, such as trotting, hauling a load, etc. In the sale 

 markets, horses are hitched to wagons with brakes, so that 

 they may be required to make quite an exertion in moving 

 along. 



Heaves is an unsoundness or trouble of the lungs which is 

 brought on through dusty feed, bad ventilation, or indiges- 

 tion. Broken wind or asthma is apparently much the same 

 thing. When the horse expels wind from the chest, he lacks 

 the muscular contraction of the lungs that attains with the 

 sound animal, and makes a wheezing noise, which is some- 

 times very loud. 



Roaring is another disease in which the horse makes a 

 loud noise during breathing. The larynx is affected, but 

 not the lungs. This is a paralysis of the nerves and muscles 

 of the parts, which results in the noise in breathing. Roar- 

 ing is manifested during exertion, yet a horse may be a 

 roarer and be driven some distance without making much if 

 any noise. The disease is one of progression, and gradually 

 becomes worse. Roaring has always been considered incur- 

 able until recently. Dr. Williams of Cornell University 



