PEDIGREES AND THEIR VALUE 243 



breeder. Villager's dam is Rosy Cloud. She was bred by 

 C. H. Jolliffe, and her sire was Chorister, also bred by William 

 Duthie. The grandam of Villager was Rosy Dawn; his 

 great-grandam, Rose Blossom; his great-great-grandam, 

 Roselinty; etc. This pedigree goes back ten generations, 

 showing only the ancestry of Villager on his mother's side, 

 with the sire of each female in this breeding. Except for 

 the sire, the ancestry on that side of the pedigree is entirely 

 left out, while only a part of the breeding on the dam's 

 side is given. While it is true that the dam's pedigree is 

 thus carried out much farther than in the bracket form, what 

 one should know most about is the near relationship all 

 through, at least four generations. A Shorthorn pedigree of 

 this form shows the tribe or family to which the animal 

 belongs which in this case is the Rosebud, which started in 

 the herd of S. Campbell, a famous breeder of Kinellar, Scot- 

 land. In reference to this pedigree, after the name of each 

 toale a number is given. This indicates his registry number 

 in the Shorthorn herd-book. When written in parenthesis, 

 it is the English Shorthorn Herd-Book number. Formerly 

 only the herd-book volume and page was given for Short- 

 horn cows, but now the females registered in America are 

 given numbers, as is customary with all other breeds. The 

 line of female descent pedigree is not desirable, and breeders 

 generally should use the bracket form. 



The amount of ancestry shown in a pedigree naturally 

 depends upon its extent. The following tabular state- 

 ment is given by Davenport,* which shows in a rather 

 striking way the percentages of blood in a pedigree at dif- 

 ferent points for ten generations. 



*Principles of Breeding. E. Davenport, 1907, page 595. 



