CONCENTRATED FEEDS 307 



Wheat middlings and shorts are also by-products from 

 flour mills. Middlings are much finer than shorts, and 

 contain more flour. Shorts is sometimes bran re-ground, 

 hence is finer than bran. Bran, middlings, and shorts are 

 much alike in digestible protein content, containing around 

 12 per cent. Middlings and shorts contain rather more 

 carbohydrates than does bran. Middlings are especially 

 valuable as a hog feed, being used with corn or corn meal. 

 Good results have been secured by feeding hogs a mixture of 

 half corn meal and half middlings. On the market, middlings 

 usually sell for about two dollars more a ton than bran. If 

 one can buy bran or middlings, he will not need shorts, which 

 are too fine for bran and too coarse for middlings. 



Wheat screenings usually consist of shrunken, broken 

 grains of wheat, mixed with weed seeds, pieces of straw, 

 etc. The value of screenings depends upon the amount of 

 grain in it. It has been very extensively fed to fattening 

 sheep in America, especially in the Northwest, near the flour 

 mills. Sheep do well on screenings, and if one can buy at a 

 cheap enough price, it is a good feed to use. 



Oats are a standard feed for farm animals in all agri- 

 cultural countries. They contain about 10J/ per cent 

 digestible protein, as compared with about 8J^ in wheat, but 

 have less carbohydrates and more fat than the wheat. It 

 has often been thought that oats contained some substance 

 that gave life and snap to animals beyond that furnished by 

 any other grain, but chemists have not been able to find this 

 mystical something. Still, it is generally agreed that oats 

 do produce a most excellent effect on the horse, far better 

 than any other grain. Some oats are more chaffy than 

 others. Northern grown oats are plumper and weigh more 

 than Southern oats. In fact, oats do better in the cooler 

 sections of our country, and yield far larger crops. For 



