308 BEGINNINGS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 



horses no other food is so widely used in America or Europe. 

 It is not likely to cause indigestion, and is a safe feed. It is 

 best suited to cattle and hogs when crushed or ground, while 

 sheep will do equally well on it in any form. For young, 

 growing animals it is one of the best feeds we have; for like 

 bran, it helps to build up a strong, muscular frame. Often 

 oats are very expensive, and their purchase should depend 

 considerably on the cost and the purpose for which they are 

 intended. 



Oat hulls are very poor as a feed stuff, for they contain 

 but little nutriment, and are too largely fiber. They are fre- 

 quently mixed with commercial feed stuffs to act as a "filler." 



Barley is a very hard small grain, that as commonly 

 grown is covered with a strong husk. It is rich in carbo- 

 hydrates, and has slightly more protein than corn. It is 

 not commonly fed to farm animals in America, but is very 

 popular in northern Europe. Horses will do well on barley, 

 while barley meal as a feed for swine ranks very high in 

 Canada and Europe. Experiments have shown that pigs 

 fed barley make a superior quality of bacon. It should be 

 crushed or ground before feeding. 



Brewers' grains are a by-product in the manufacture of 

 beer. Barley is put through a process of sprouting, after 

 which it is dried and the sprouts rubbed off. The remaining 

 mass of barley kernels is malted barley. This is then soaked 

 in tanks, and the sugar or malt, formed in the kernel by the 

 sprouting, is extracted, and is fermented to make lager beer. 

 What is left is wet brewers' grains. These in the wet form 

 contain about 75 per cent water and 5 per cent digestible 

 protein. They are relished by cattle, and are much fed in 

 the vicinity of cities where breweries are located. In sum- 

 mer they become sour and putrid, unless eaten a few days 

 after making. Dried brewers' grains are made by removing 



