314 BEGINNINGS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 



A common custom is to feed grain and roughage to cattle 

 morning and evening, with roughage at noon. The more 

 painstaking, thoughtful feeders often feed more than twice, 

 being careful as to the amount fed. A general policy should 

 be followed of feeding as much as an animal will eat up clean, 

 with good appetite, and the hunger then satisfied. The 

 hours of feeding depend upon special conditions. Many 

 persons begin feeding about 5 A. M., and give the evening 

 feed about twelve hours later. No rule, however, can be 

 made on this point. It is a good plan to have water avail- 



Fig. 161. Steers eating roughage at the Ohio Station. Photograph by courtesy 

 Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. 



able to stock, of which they can drink as often as desired. 

 Horses are usually watered either before or after feeding, 

 three times a day. The frequency of watering will depend 

 on the weather. Cattle, sheep, and hogs should be watered 

 twice daily in the cooler weather, and in summer it is well 

 to have available in stall or yard plenty of water in pail or 

 trough. 



The grooming of live stock becomes almost necessary 

 under the more restricted conditions of stabling. Horses 

 and cattle kept in stable and exposed to dirt and manure, 

 become more or less filthy. Dust and dirt on the skin tend 



