18 BERTHA'S VISIT TO HER 



vallies intervene. Many other examples might 

 be given ; and the way in which geologists ob- 

 viate the difficulty is, by supposing that one set 

 of currents tore off and transported these frag- 

 ments, and that a subsequent rush of the waters 

 excavated the vallies." 



My uncle ended by saying, that when the 

 weather was more settled he would shew us a 

 part of the country at no great distance from 

 Fernhurst, which would make us more clearly 

 comprehend this interesting subject. 



Qth. The wonderful way in which the use of 

 tobacco has spread into every country of the 

 world, in less than three centuries since its first 

 discovery in America, happened to be mentioned 

 in conversation the day Mr. Maude spent here ; 

 and we were all amused by his account of the 

 mode of smoking in Turkey. The sumptuous 

 pipes in fashion there are so unlike the little 

 cigars in everybody's mouth in Brazil, that per- 

 haps his description of them may entertain both 

 you and Marianne. 



The Turkish pipe, which is called a chibouque, 

 consists of the tube, the bowl, and the mouth- 

 piece, so that they are all easily separated and 

 cleaned. The manufacturers of the tubes are 

 seen at work every day in the shops of Constan- 

 tinople, where there is a bazaar, or street of 

 shops, entirely for their sale, They are made 



