(A) SIGNS OF DISEASE ; (B) THERAPEUTICS. 



present during severe attacks of abdominal pain (colic, inflam- 

 mation, etc.). The skin often affords one of the best or only- 

 means of dia.s^nosing disease, e.g., cracked heels, mange, glanders. 



In health, the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose are 

 of a bright pink colour, and the minute vessels entering into 

 their delicate texture scarcely observable. The shghtest varia- 

 tion in the animal's health causes an alteration upon the surface. 

 Pallidity of the membranes indicates deficiency of blood 

 colouring materials ; " blueness " imperfect oxidation ; " dry- 

 ness," preparatory to a catarrhal affection. Excessive moisture 

 is seen during the second stage of influenza, inflammation 

 of the eyes, catarrh, strangles, etc. In pink eye, and some- 

 times at the outset of founder the mucous membranes of the 

 eyes show remarkable turgidity, so much so that the eyelids 

 are frequently closed. 



THE BOWELS. 



A hard, dry, and slimy condition of the fences points to 

 stoppage being the cause of disorder ; blood, with loose stools, 

 to disease of the lower end of the bowel ; segment of tape, or 

 round worms themselves, are evidence of the animal being 

 infested with these pests. 



THE URINARY AND GENERATIVE ORGANS. 



Special attention should be given to these, noting any 

 abnormality either during the act of urination, or the colour, 

 quantity, etc., of the urine discharged. 



In some diseases the urine is at once diagnostic. For 

 instance, in the malady azoturia, the water is coffee coloured 



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