SPECIFIC AND CATARRHAL COMPLAINTS 



GLANDERS. 



This malady is caused by bacilli, known as the " bacillus 

 malleus." The germs are present in the nasal discharge, 

 likewise upon the ulcers and sores. Glanders (and farcy) is 

 readily transferredtoman, the ass and the mule, also to guinea-pigs, 

 by inoculation . It has been communicated to the ox by artificial 

 inoculation. It assumes, in the horse, either an acute or chronic 

 form, usually the latter, though chronic conditions of the 

 malady may develop into the acute and vice versa. In the 

 earliest stages of the malady it has been shown that the lungs 

 are the seat of the disease ; yet no external evidence of its 

 existence may be present. 



Symptoms. — There is a cough, and a hard, fixed condition 

 of one or both of the glands beneath and at the sides of the 

 lower jaw, but there is no tendency towards suppuration. 

 In addition to the foregoing, there is a discharge from 

 the nose — frequently the left nostril. This nasal discharge is 

 not so constant as in the case of a horse having an attack of 

 influenza, simple catarrh, strangles, etc. Examination of the 

 nasal cavity, or cavities, will usually disclose the so-called 

 " punched out " ulceration of the lining membrane. If the sores 

 are carefully observed it will be seen that they show little or no 

 inclination towards proper healing. It is not at all uncommon 

 to find these sores, after death, upon the lining of the upper 

 part of the windpipe. In acute glanders there is straw coloured 

 discharge from the nose, extensive swelling of the head, high 

 fever (probably io8° Fahr.), and, it may be, threatened suffo- 

 cation. In chronic glanders the temperature is commonly 

 elevated two or three degiees. In addition, we may find the 

 sores of larcy (buds, buttons, or nodules), the presence of 



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