ITS NEAREST EXISTING RELATIONS. 59 



species. The present African two-horned type was 

 already represented in the early Pliocene of Greece 

 by R. pachygnathus, the skeleton of which is described 

 by Gaudry as intermediate between the existing R. 

 birornis and R. simus. As many as three species 

 were inhabitants of the British Isles, of which the 

 best known is the Tichorhine or woolly rhinoceros, 

 R. antiquitatis of Blumenbach, R. tichorhinus of other 

 authors, nearly whole carcasses of which, with their 

 thick woolly external covering, have been discovered, 

 associated with those of the mammoth, preserved in 

 the frozen soil of the north of Siberia, and which, in 

 common with some other extinct species, had a solid 

 median wall of bone supporting the nasals. From 

 this peculiarity it has been inferred that the horns 

 were of size and weight surpassing those of the 

 modern species. The one-horned Indian type was 

 well represented under several modificatons (R. 

 simlensis, R. palceindicus, etc.) in the Pliocene deposits 

 of the sub-Himalayan region, and forms more allied 

 to the African bicorn species have also been found in 

 a fossil state in India. R. sclileiermaclieri of the late 

 European Miocene in some features, especially in 

 possession of incisor teeth and two horns, resembled 

 the existing Sumatran rhinoceros, but it differed in 

 important cranial characters. 



The existing species of rhinoceros are naturally 



