THE LIMBS. 159 



the fifth (ulnar and fibular) on the outside. Besides 

 these differences, there are others, the signification of 

 which is not so clear, constantly met with in the ar- 

 rangement of the bones of the carpus and tarsus. 

 Moreover, it may be noted that the joint between the 

 first and second segments of the hind limb (knee- 

 joint) has almost always a special bone {patella or 

 knee-cap), which is wanting in the fore limb.* 



Tins general description will include such different 

 limbs as those of a man, a seal, a bat, and a horse, all 

 formed on the same common plan, but all modified 

 for the different purposes they have to fulfill. We 

 must now treat in greater detail the peculiarities 

 of the limbs of the horse, and to render them more 

 intelligible another form is required for comparison. 

 We will therefore take that with which we are all 

 most familiar, and commence with a comparative 

 account of the bones of the fore limb in man and in 

 the horse. 



Comparison of the Skeleton of the Fore Lbib 

 of the Horse with that of Man. 



To begin with the shoulder-girdle. In the full- 

 grown man this consists of two bones, the scapula 



* For further description of the correspondences and dif- 

 ferences of the bones of the fore and hind limbs, see the au- 

 thor's Osteology of the Mammalia, p. 361, 3d ed., 1885. 



