GRAINS. 15y 



our views, in regard to the benefits of deep cultivation, and the 

 ttrop uniier consideration is no exception. Although at the 

 time of putting in the seed, the plowing should be shallow, the 

 hind should have been previously subsoiled. Cultivate the soil 

 to the depth of iVom sixteen to twenty inches, for the crops 

 preceding wheat, whether they be corn, roots, or clover, not by 

 turnhig ten inches of the subsoil to the surface, but mellowing 

 it by means of the sub.soil plow, and bringing only an inch or 

 two at a time to the surface. All your crops will be better, for 

 this mellowing of the subsoil ; each will return you a large pro- 

 portion of the expense, and you can expect nothing but failure 

 of your wheat crop without it. If it is thus subsoiled for the 

 crops that intervene between the wheat crops, it will be in jast 

 the condition required by this Uiost fastidious plant. But when 

 !t comes to preparing directly for seeding the wheat, plow 

 shallow. If you plow deep noic^ the wheat will at once take 

 deep root, and iiy the l^ing of the frosts, the roots will be 

 broken off. l*!ow shallow, or even harrow the surface 

 thoroughly, and ilie roots will spread out horizontally, and mat 

 together, and though raised by the frost, will settle back into 

 their proper place again, when the frost is gone. Skinner's 

 Gang Plow, and Ides' Wheel Cultivator, are preferable to the 

 ordinary plow, in preparing the soil for wheat. For similar 

 reasons, the manure, applied directly to the wneat crop, should 

 be merely covered two inches below the surface, or harrowed 

 in. For this purpose, only thoroughly decomposed manures 

 should be applied at the time of seeding. This manure, being 

 immediately available and near the surface, will promote the 

 growth of the roots in the manner desired. We have sug- 

 gested that the seed bed should be shallow ; it should also be 

 mellow. The harrow and the clod crusher should be iised, untd 



