102 now TO MAKE THE FARM PAY. 



first heavy fall of snow is rolled, it will have a good effect. 

 Never pasture grain in the fall, however well it may be started. 



Harrowing Wheat in the spring may be very beneficial 

 if the wheat has been drilled in two inches deep. Instead of 

 the ordinary coarse harrow, use a harrow with a large number 

 of fine teeth ; the crust is then thoroughly broken up, and a 

 mellow soil prepared for the secondary roots, which make their 

 appearS,uce as soon as growth commences. Where the seed has 

 been sowed broadcast, and harrowed in, a large proportion of it 

 will be covered very shallow, and will be torn up in the process 

 of harrowing. Spring harrowing offers opportunity also for 

 seeding to grass where this is desired. Aside from this very 

 early harrowing, no attempt should be made to hoe or cultivate 

 the wheat crop. If the soil is drained, mellowed, and thorough- 

 ly prepared as directed in these pages, it will not cake and harden 

 so as to need the cultivator. If drilled in, the rows offer an 

 opportunity to pass through the crop and pull the weeds and 

 grass by hand, but they should not be hoed up, as the roots of 

 the wheat will be injured by the hoe. Pull up every plant that 

 appears among your wheat, and lay them in the rows for a 

 mulch. The wheat is particularly sensitive in regard to weeds 

 Chess and quack grass are its inveterate enemies, and should 

 be destroyed without mercy. 



The Time to Harvest Wheat is just after the kernels have 

 passed from a milky to a doughy state, which is about two 

 weeks before it is fully ripe. There are various signs by which 

 this is determined. One is by opening various kernels from 

 different heads, and if the interior is thick or doughy, it is time 

 to cut it. On the contrary, if it is still thin or milky, it will 

 shrink after being cut, and will not give as much or as good 

 flour. 



Another sign of the proper state for harvesting is when the 



