248 now TO make farming pay. 



is belter, one deep plowing, from eight to twelve inclies, and a 

 subsoil plow six to eiglit more. 



ir a crop of weeds make their appearance before winter, 

 harrow, and cross-harrow, or dig them up with the cultivator. 



As soon as the ground is dry and warm in the spring, cross- 

 plow it, and cross-harrow it. Grant advises that the last har- 

 rowing be followed with a drag, or the harrow turned upside 

 down, to smooth and level the soil. We think this operation 

 rnust answer the purpose admirably. 



Sowing commences the latter part of April, or as soon there- 

 after as the ground is warm and dry. The seed should be 

 steeped for five or six hours in the following solution : Nine 

 ounces sulphate of potash, and an equal quantity of sulphate 

 of lime, in one gallon of warm water. Add to this five or six 

 gallons of water, and cover the seed. After the liquid is turned 

 oft', roll the seed in wood ashes, or slaked lime, or plaster of paris, 

 or guano, until each seed is coated. Sow with a drill or seed 

 sower, in rows, sixteen to eighteen inches apart, and six to eight 

 inches apart in the rows. Cover not more than two inches deep. 

 If there is any doubt about the vitality of the seed, sow bounti- 

 fully, and thin out all superfluous plants. The object is to have 

 the plants stand one foot apart after the final thinning. Their cul- 

 ture and gathering is not materially different from that of other 

 roots. The former consists in cutting or pulling all weeds, keep- 

 ing the ground mellow between the rows, thinning to twelve 

 inches, and transplanting superfluous roots to fill vacant places. 

 The gathering can be done with a plow. The plow used in Europe, 

 called an " awachem," is thus described by Grant : " A sort of 

 plow with a share shaped like a cone, the section of which is 

 an oval, somewhat flattened on the lower side, about three feet 

 in length, seven or eight inches in diameter, and tapering to a 

 blunted point. It is drawn by two horses, and will dig from 



