HORSES AND MULES. 313 



following preparation : Powdered sassafras, three ounces ; skunk 

 cabbage, three ounces; gentian, three ounces; sulphur, two 

 ounces ; elm bark, eiglit ounces; ginger, two ounces; salt, three 

 ounces. Mix, and divide into twelve powders, giving one every 

 night with the food. Let every farmer who has a horse 

 attacked with this disease, raise or remove his loft, give venti- 

 lation, light, etc. This will cost money, but the price of one 

 good horse will pay for a good deal of carpenter work. The 

 little washer, cosily stowed away in the .nner corner of ihe eye, 

 called the haw, which serves to wash the eye and clean it of 

 specks, dust, and grit, sometimes becomes inflamed and pro- 

 trudes over the eye, in the form of a white hook, and is there- 

 fore called a Hook, and is sometimes removed by persons who 

 should knoAV better. This deprives the horse of his onlv re- 

 source to keep his eye clean. When much inflaaied, prick it 

 slightly ; pull the lids apart, and apply the eye wash two or 

 three times a day, and the inflammation will disappear. 



The various affections of the eyes are the cause often of shy- 

 ing, fright, wheeling, sudden starts, running, backing, turning 

 out of the road, and all eccentric movements of the horse. He 

 sees imperfectly, and, being timid, acts accordingly. Whipping 

 in such cases is barbarous, mean, and cowardly, besides being 

 worse than useless. Instead of further fear, confidence should 

 be restored by kind words. If the oiuner always speaks kindly 

 to the beast, he will soon learn confidence, and the sound of his 

 voice, during fright, will do more good than the whip or the 

 rein. When frightened, speak kindly before you draw the rein, 

 then draw it gently, talking all the time, not in loud, harsh 

 tones, but mildly. 



Diseases of the Muscles and Tendons. 



Poll Evil, and Fistula, are the same disease appearing in 

 different places — Fistula on the top of the shoulder, just under 



