CATTLE. 369 



rather a large dewlap, the shoulders strong and thin, ihc rump 

 large and broad, and the hind quarters generally "well deve- 

 loped. The legs are long and the general form of the animal 

 is rather thin than fleshy, sharp, and angular, and not generally 

 well rounded. The color is almost invariably black and white, 

 though red and white Dutch cows are often seen. 



The most striking economic character of this race is its milk- 

 ing capacity, the product being more remarkable for quantity 

 than richness, the milk being thin and watery, the characteristio 

 of all the marsh races as compared with the highland or moun- 

 tain races of continental Europe. The cows bring heavy calves, 

 and the young stock on abundant food grows rapidly to great 

 weights ; but it requires very rich food to effect it, and without 

 this, the race does not justify its otherwise distinguishing 

 qualities. 



For a milk dairy, in regions of rich and succulent food, the 

 Dutch may be a profitable animal for the mere production of 

 milk or cheese, but she is a large eater and a slow feeder, that 

 is, she requires great expense to fatten in proportion to many 

 other races and breeds. It is not an improved breed in the 

 sense in which the term is applied to the Shorthorn, the Ayr- 

 shire, or any other class of animal? built up by selection and 

 great care. It is the common stock of a country and a climate 

 where a small milker must be the exception, the whole course 

 of feeding from the birth of the calf being naturally such as to 

 induce an abundant secretion of milk. The term " Holstein," 

 often used in connection with " Dutch," as applied to this race 

 is wholly inappropriate, the Holstein races, of which there are 

 several, being entirely different in many essential particulars. 

 Dutch cattle have recently been imported, and efforts are being 

 made to establish them as a dairy stock upon our soil. 



Other well established breeds or races of cattle might be 



