:f2S U )\V TO .AIAKE THE FARM PAY. 



.<»ct in the nursery rows only the graft should be left above 

 ground. 



These trees in the nursery, now require but little time or 

 attention ; it is only important that the ground be kept mellow 

 I>y frequent cultivation, that the weeds be kept down, that shoots 

 ihat appear on the old stump be rubbed off, and that the tree be 

 kept upright. If exposed to high winds, or inclined to a crooked 

 growth, the new shoot should be trained to a stake. 



Let us now take a note of time. The^rs^ year was devoted 

 to the growth of the stock from the seed, layer, or cutting ; 

 the second year to the transplanting of the yearlings and the 

 budding of the most vigorous growers. The third year, early 

 in the spring, those trees budded the second year should be 

 relieved of the stocks, {see Fig. 117 ;) those that failed' to take 

 the bud should be grafted. The second quality stocks, not 

 vigorous enough to be budded last year, should be headed 

 down to within three or four inches of the ground. In the 

 autumn of this year the second quality stocks are to be budded. 

 The fourth year we commence a systematic Pruning, which is 

 to be continued during the life of the tree. Pruning is resorted 

 to for various purposes. 1st. Pruning to direct the growth 

 from one part of the tree to another, as from the top to the 

 ba.se. This is accomplished by pruning the more vigorously 

 growing parts, and thus directing the sap to the other parts. 

 2d. To renew the growth of stunted or feeble trees, by pruning 

 them back to a few buds and throwing the whole vigor of the 

 tree into these few. 3d. To promote fruitfulness, by pruning 

 after the foliage appears in the spring, thus checking the growth 

 of the wood, which promotes the formation of fruit -Ith. To 

 regulate the growth and shape of the tree. 5th. Root pruning, 

 to lessen the dimensions of trees and promote fruitfulness. We 

 ^hall give directions for p.runing each variety of fruit in future 



