570 now TO MAKE THE FARM PAY. 



This trench should be eighteen inches wide, three deep on one 

 Bide and five on the other, and tlie vines set in it, as in Fig. 125, 

 three feet apart. The benefit of this transphanting to the nur- 

 sery a year before the final transplanting to tne vineyard will 

 be [?reat and lasting. The soil in the nursery should be pre- 

 pared just as directed for the cutting bed. Well grown layers 

 mav sometimes be transplanted at once to the vineyard, but will 

 be permanently benefited by a second transplanting. They 

 should daring this season in the nursery be trained to upright 

 stakes, and all laterals and tendrils pinched oft'. And as we 

 shall have occasion to speak often of laterals and tendrils we 

 will explain what we mean. A lateral is a small branch which 

 grows from the axel or arm pit of the leaf, close between the leaf 

 and the stem of the vine. It will not do to take it out wholly, 

 but when it has made two or three leaves pinch off all but one ; 

 if it starts again, pinch again, leaving one more leaf. A tendril 

 is a curling stem which grows opposite a bud or leaf, without 

 fruiting, and should be cut off. 



After standing one season in the nursery comes their final 

 transplanting to the vineyard. We speak of the cutting bed 

 nursery and vineyard, as of three separate places, but the two 

 former may well bo in a corner of the latter. The holes for the 

 plants should be dug before they are removed. The rows 

 should run east and west six feet apart, and the plants four feet 

 apart in the rows. If in after years these should be found too 

 close, an arm can be cut off to give the desired room. If the 

 roots upon the vines when taken from the nursery are circular, 

 as is usually the case with cuttings, the holes should be circular, 

 SIX inches deep at the edges, and two or three deep in the 

 centre. If the roots are all on one side, as is often the case with 

 layers, the square hole will accommodate them, the tips of the 

 roots being placed lower than the base. {Figs. 125 and 126.) 



