GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE MAKING. 571 



The same rules for cutting back roots and cane apply liere 

 as before. The soil should be pressed closely about the roots 

 and protected from the frost by straw. Unless the trellis is set 

 before planting, a stout stake eight feet long should be driven 

 firmly into each hole before the vines are set. The roots should 

 be carefully spread out before covering them. In fall planting 

 a little mound should be raised about the stem to protect tho 

 lower buds ; in spring planting this is reversed, and a hollow left 

 about the stem, to collect the rains, which shoukl be filled, and 

 the ground mulched as soon as the vine gets well started into 

 growth. 



Five years have now passed since the purchase of the first 

 vines. Let us review them. The first year we grew a single 

 cane on each vine, which when cat afforded us say thirty cut- 

 tings. The second we grew these thirty cuttings, also twenty 

 canes on the ten vines, which made us say one hundred cuttings. 

 The third year we transplanted the thirty cuttings to the nur- 

 sery, grew one hundred more cuttings and forty plants by layer- 

 ing, and made, if we saved the wood cut from all the vines at 

 transplanting, over six hundred cuttings; the fourth year we 

 transplanted one hundred and forty plants to the nursery, and 

 grew the six hundred cuttings. At the end of tho fifth year we 

 have eight hundred plants in the vineyard, (one hundred and 

 seventy of them having been there a year, and borne a sample 

 cluster of fruit each,) an indefinite number of plants in the nur- 

 sery, and several thousands in the cutting bed, if we made all 

 the pruned wood into cuttings. It may be well to do this, for 

 grape growing is contagious, and some of your neighbors will 

 by this time have the fever, and you can supply them with 

 better plants at a less price than the nurseryman. Encourage 

 all your neighbors to go into it and give them such advice as 

 you can, for the business cannot be overdone, and the more 



