GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE MAKING. 583 



sible, and charcoal. Often the only gunnj spot is covered with 

 a pavement; this is just ths place for the vine. Dig your 

 trench along the side of the walk, or even partly under it, plant 

 your vines outside the walk, grow one good strong cane the 

 first year, and in the fall carry it under the pavement to where 

 it is wanted. The pavement will absorb quantities of heat, and 

 also retain the moisture of the soil. A southern or eastern 

 exposure is best here also ; but a northern exposure, if at the 

 side of a building which has the sun half the day, will answer 

 well. Do not place the roots at any less distance than two feet 

 from the building in any case ; neither train the vine directly 

 against the building, as it will injure both; there should be at 

 least a foot of space between the trellis and the building, to 

 allow a free circulation of air. The pruning is the same here 

 as in the vineyard, one cane bearing this year and another next. 

 The training may be done in a thousand forms, to suit the taste 

 of the owner. The horizontal arms are to be preserved. In 

 the vineyard we commence these arms at one foot from the 

 ground ; but they may be commenced at ten feet as well, only 

 the process must be more gradual. The upright cane may be 

 extended to ten feet in two years, and the two canes for arms 

 grown the third year, the vine meanwhile being allowed to beai 

 moderately, and all summer pinching to be faithfully attended 

 to ; or a single arm may be used, if the vine grows at a corner 

 of the building or trellis, only observing that when the bearing 

 canes are established the alternate pruning must be done, and 

 no fruit allowed to grow below the arms. If fruit is wanted 

 all the way from the ground to sixty feet high, it may be had, 

 but a number of vines will be necessary. These can be planted, 

 at least four feet apart, in different parts of the garden or yard, 

 and the canes brought under ground, or under a pavement, to the 

 point where they are wanted. Let the arms of one vine cover 



