^72 HOW TO MAKE THE FARM PAY. 



more than any other he had not been able to make both ends 

 meet. The truth flashed upon me in an instant, and in a very 

 little longer time than it has taken me to tell my story. I had 

 commenced pulling down the stable, the unhealthiuess of which 

 bad been, I was convinced, the cause of all the evil and the loss; 

 and it was no more than two days before there was not left one 

 stone upon another of the whole fabric. I now set to work and 

 creeled another on higher ground, removed from water, and clear 

 from the, shade of trees, with a southeast aspect, and dry capa- 

 cious yard ; and from that day I have had neither sickness nor 

 borrow in my out door household, ^f}' horses live on less food, 

 are always sleek and in good condition, and my cows are a credit 

 to their keep. Our butter brings two cents a pound more in 

 market, and for the last year our sales are more than doubled 

 from the same number of cows and the same pasturage, and no 

 more premature calves. Instead of watering my cattle as hereto- 

 fore, at the spring under the trees — the water cold, with a deadly 

 taste and bad color — I sank a well and put in a pump ; and at a 

 long trough in the yard for the summer, and another under 

 shelter for the winter, my cattle slake their thirst without setting 

 up their coats, as they used to do after drinking at the hole under 

 the trees. Even when the weather was warm they were accus- 

 tomed to shake all over, as if they were in a fit of ague after drink- 

 ing their fill of this water ; and to this, with the bad aspects of the 

 stables, I attribute all the sickness and misery which I have 

 experienced amongst my cattle and horses. 



To PROTECT Horses from Flies. — Take two or three small 

 handfuls of walnut leaves, upon which you pour two or three 

 quarts of cold water; let it infuse one night, and pour the whole 

 next morning into a kettle and let it boil for a quarter of an 

 hour; when cold it will be fit for use. No more is required than 

 to ujoisten a sponge, and before the horse goes out of the stable, 

 let tliose parts which are most irritable be smeared over with the 

 liquor, viz., between and upon the ears, the neck, flank, etc. Not 

 only the lady or gentleman who rides out for pleasure will derive 

 benefit from the walnut leaves tluis prepa-red, but the coachman, 

 the wagoner, and all others who use horses during the hot, 

 months. 



The Teeth of a Horse as an Indication or Age. — At five 

 years of age a horse has forty teeth— twenty-four molar or jaw 

 teeth, twelve incisors or front teeth, between the molars and 

 uicisors ; but usually wanting in tiie mare. 



At birth only two nippers or middle incisors appear. 



At a year old, the incisors are all visible on the first or milk set. 



Before three years, the permanent nippers have come through. 



At four years old, the permanent tlividers next to the nippers i 

 are cut. 



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