gS2 now TO MAKE THE FARM PAY. 



latter arran£;eiuent a deep hole can be bored without the expense 

 of a hiijh scartbUl, which is necessary when the wiiole is welded 

 togi'ther. 



We have several reasons for preferring the use of the auger, the 

 most prominent of which is that of cheapness and certainty of re- 

 sults. We take no risk in this case. Suppose we put down a well 

 of twenty-five feet, which may be considered the average depth of 

 what we call shallow wells. We bore down fifteen feet and strike 

 a small stone ; our only remedy is to begin again. If we drive 

 down the rod, we have to do the same. While the driving requires 

 a large amount of labor, the boring is easily done. There is no 

 battering of the threads on the pipe, to be fixed up so they will 

 pass for the time, but really of no value, and in time to disap- 

 point us. 



All know that success with this kind of well depends upon stri- 

 king a strata of sand or gravel. In boring through clay it adheres 

 to the auger, while the sand or gravel will not do so ; I)ut in pass- 

 ing through the strata again into clay, it at once adheres, and we 

 are at no loss in regard to the result. If we have been careful to 

 note the thickness of the sand or gravel strata, we shall be at no 

 loss in regard to the exact position to locate the perforated point. 

 In fact we do not need this point at all ; the open end of the tube 

 is just as well, for we must pump up the sand and soil that is 

 mixed with the gravel bed, in case of gravel or the sand in the 

 sand strata immediately surrounding the pipe. If we pump up a 

 ouliic foot of sand we have space for a cubic foot of water, and this 

 forms the reservoir of our water supply. It is not probable that 

 we shall displace a very large quantity of sand, and unless the 

 supply of water is abundant we can only raise the water when the 

 reservoir is filled above the small holes in the pipe. Therefore, if 

 we had the end of the pipe thrust to the bottom of this cavity, it 

 would be better than the long point perforated with holes for six- 

 teen inches of its length. At least so long a space should not be 

 exposed to air. With a limited suppl}^ of water, as must be thej 

 case in most of these wells, we must wait until they fill up, tc 

 renew tlie pumping ; whereas, if the reservoir was large, we woulc 

 have an abumlant suppl3^ 



In driving down these pipes we may pass the water supply, oi 

 thin shft't of sand that contains it, and, driving into the blue clay J 

 cut it oirfoiriplctely, and thus make a failure; but with the augei 

 no such l)lundci- need occur. We therefore recommend, in evei'2 

 case where these pipes are to be used, that they be put down bj 

 the aid of an auger. 



When the supply of water is not abundant, or when it is ol 

 tained in the seams of the clay or from small veins, as is most 

 generally the case, we must have a large reservoir to hold a supply 

 for use; and in this case there is but one way to obtain it, and tha^ 

 is by sinking a well. But there is no need of wallintr this well tc 



