758 HOW TO MAKE THE FARM PAY. 



wood axle-trees, and castor oil for iron. Just grease enough 

 should be applied to the spindle of a wagon to give it a light 

 coating ; this is better than more, for the surphis put on will work 

 out at° the ends, and be forced by the shoulder-bands and nut 

 washers into the hub around the outside of the boxes. To oil an 

 iron axle-tree, first wipe the spindle clean with a cloth wet with 

 spirits of turpentine, and then apply a few drops of castor oil near 

 the shoulder and end. One tea-spoonful is sufficient for the whole. 



JULY WORK. 



Watch the Stock at Pasture, and see that they do not have to 

 crop too closely. 



Change their pasture before the supply gets short, or, feed green 

 fodder. Do not let them suffer for either water or salt. Lumps 

 of rock salt in sheltered troughs we consider better than fine salt. 

 If the cattle drink from a pond with a mud bottom, dump in a 

 few loads of gravel at some accessible point, and thus make a 

 <yood drinking place. Cattle often suck up leeches from the mud. 



We approve of yarding all stock at night for the sake of saving 

 the manure. Compost the manure with earth, under cover. 



Cows should be supplied with abundant and succulent food if 

 we would keep up the flow of milk. 



Hay-making is the steady work for the month on most farms. 

 Use machinery as far as possible. Cut hay where orchard grass 

 and clover prevails, first ; if Timothy predominates, that usually 

 comes next. Rep-Top is later, and should never be associated 

 with the other grasses or with clover, except to come in as a pas- 

 ture grass. Cut all common grass before the seed ripens, and if 

 possible, when just passing out of blossom. Clover for hay is best 

 cut in full bloom. 



Alsike clover is much better adapted for sowing with Timothy 

 for hay than Red clover, because it matures at the same time as 

 Timothy. Large quantities of hay are spoiled every year by ex- 

 posure to raiu after being cured. Where a mowing machine and 

 tedder are used, the hay can often be got in the same day it is cut. 

 No thrifty farmer should be without hay and grain caps. 



There is very little use in raising a fine crop of grass or clover, 

 cutting it at the right time and curing it in the best condition, if 

 it is not put out of the way of damage from rain, by housing or 

 stacking it as soon as possible. Stacks of hay should be thatched 

 with straw or coarse grass to protect them from damage from rain. 



Manure grass land with fine muck compost as soon as the crop 

 is oflT. 



The Wheat Crop is so important that everything should be 

 ready for harvesting it, and the moment it is fit to cut everything 

 else should o;ive wav for this work. Plow land for winter wheat 



