Waring and French on the System. 31 



George E. Waring, junior, says: 



"If the escutcheon teaches anything it teaches the duration of the Jlow 

 of milk. This is its great value in connection with the Jerseys — a race 

 of small, rich, and persistent milkers. It does indicate quantity, it is true, 

 but not Dutch quantity, nor A^'rshire quantity ; only Jersey quantity, 

 which is quite another affair. It indicates, in at least equal degree, the 

 continuance of tbe flow of milk. Indeed, this is the great value of Gue- 

 non's discovery. It is easy to judge of the present flow of milk in the 

 case of any given cow, but, so far as I know, there is nothing but the es- 

 cutcheon to tell us how long she will continue to milk after getting with 

 calf. If she has txjirst class escutcheon, I think we are safe in balieving 

 that she will hold out well in her milking. If she has a very defective 

 escutcheon, we may depend on her to fall away very rapidly when a few 

 months gone, and to shut down entirely three or four months before calv- 

 ing. 



From an exhaustive and admirable treatise on the Ayrshire breed, by 

 John I). W. French, of North Andover, Mass., we make the following ex- 

 tracts from his remarks on the Guenon system : 



" Pabst, a German farmer of large experience, with a view to simplify 

 the method of Guenon, and render it of greater practical value, made five 

 divisions, or classes : — 



1. Very good, or extraordinary. 



2. Good, or good middling. 



3. Middling, and little below middling. 



4. Small. 



5. Very bad milkers. 



" Magne, the French writer, made a still further simplification, by mak- 

 ing four classes instead of five : — 



1 . The very good. 



2. The good. 



3. The medium. 



4. The bad. 



" In the first class he places cows, both parts of whose milk-mirror, the 

 mammal y and the perinean, are large, continuous, uniform, covering at 

 least a great part of the perineum, the udder, the inner surface of the 

 thighs, and extending more or less out upon the legs with no interruptions, 

 or, if any, small ones, oval in form, and situated on the posterior face of 

 the udder. Cows of this class are very rare. They give, even when small 

 in size, from ten to fourteen quarts per day, and the largest size from 

 eighteen to twenty-six quarts a day, and even more. They continue in 

 milk for a long period. 



" The second class is that of good cows, and to this belong the best 

 commonly found in the market. They have the mammary part of the 

 milk-mirror well developed, but the perinean part contracted or wholly 

 wanting. Small cows of this class give from seven to ten or eleven quarts 

 a day, and the largest from thirteen to seventeen quarts. 



" The third class consists of middling cows. When the milk-mirror 

 really presents only the lower or mammary part slightly developed or in- 

 dented, and the perinean part contracted, narrow, and irregular, the cows 

 are middling. Cows of this class, according to size, give from three or 

 four to ten quarts per day. 



" The fourth class is composed of bad cows. No veins are to be seen 

 either on the perineum or the udder, while those of the belly are very 

 slightly developed, and the mirrors are ordinarily small. These cows give 

 only a few quarts of milk a day, and dry up a short time after calving. 



