Yarieties op the Escutcheon. *l 



The escutcheon of the first order is the most developed ; is also the best 

 marked. The escutcheon of each of the five other orders is similar in 

 form to that of the first order. It is, in some sort, only a proportionate 

 reduction — a diminutive. It is the escutcheon of the first order, with the 

 dimensions reduced or brought within less extended limits, reaching no 

 longer the hock nor longer covering the interior of the thighs, nor yet 

 reaching up to the vulva, remaining consequently at a distance greater or 

 or less from these boundaries. 



I have added to this new edition — 



1st. Two new classes, sub-divided also into six orders, (the Left Flan- 

 ders and the Double Selvage.) 



2d. Two varieties of escutcheons, having some similarity with the others. 



3d. Finally, the classification of the bull. 



These three additions, unpublished until now, complete and generalize 

 the system of characteristic signs, by which one can prove the absolute and 

 relative superiority or inferiority of each individual of the race. 



These new forms of escutcheons were known to me at the time of the 

 publication of my first issue, and which I had already announced ; but 

 they occurred so rarely in the races which were familiar to me, that I 

 thought they were not worth publishing. 



But, now, since I have traveled so much, not only in France, but in for- 

 eign countries, I have convinced myself that these classes occur much 

 more commonly in certain races than I had thought at first. I have felt 

 the necessity of putting them in my method, and have given them their 

 proper place. 



In respect to the two new varieties of escutcheons, they are like an appen- 

 dix to the classification, and characterize the product of crossing between 

 different classes. 



To state precisely their signification and to value their corresponding 

 milk product, it is necessary to compare these escutcheons with the order 

 of the class to which they are the most analogous. 



When I shall ha^e described the diflferent families of true cows, as well 

 as their division into orders, the yield or the quantity of milk, their buty- 

 raceous qualities, and the greater or less period of its duration of yield 

 during gestation, I will pass to the bastard cows, which, though perfectly 

 similar in form and color to others, difler essentially from them, for they 

 lose their milk as soon as they are pregnant. 



This close resemblance is a source of errors to the most practiced judges. 



Thus have I wished in the description of classification, to point out pre- 

 cisely the distinctive signs by the aid of which one can easily recognize 

 them. After the study of bastard cows, comes the chapter of bull re-pro- 

 ductors. I have made plain, that in the classifications of bulls, I have re- 

 duced to three the numbers of orders of each class, in order to bring the 

 application of the method to the most simple expression. The first will 

 comprehend all the bulls, the good re-producers ; the second, the re-pro- 



