62 GuENON ON Milch Cows. 



tending inside, and upon the hams, projecting on the thighs ; from there, 

 the curved lines, obtuse or acute, following the class, joining to the right 

 or the left under the anus. 



The escutcheon, in all its extent, is shown b}^ the fineness of the hair, 

 'and the skin ; by the color, more or less yellow, of the epidermis, and of 

 the particles of dandrufi" which can be detached. 



The characteristic secondary signs of the females will also be found in 

 the males. 



Bulls, like cows, have four and, sometimes, six false teats, which are 

 found before the bag, in the direction of the navel. These teats are small 

 and short. 



Starting from the bag, one notices to the right and the left of the stomach 

 two veins resembling the two milk veins of cows. They are prolonged to 

 and pass a little in the direction of the navel, and terminate in a small 

 cavity. 



Independent of the characteristic signs indicated above, the bull repro- 

 ducers should unite all the essential conditions which in each locality con- 

 stitute the type of the pure race. These conditions are : 



1. The color of the hide preferred in that country. 



2. A size proportioned to the race that they are to continue. A shape 

 and a frame usually accepted. 



3. To be of the first order in each class, easily showing the power of 

 transmitting milking qualities. 



4. Aptitude for fattening. 



5. To be good for work. 



6. To have a docile and patient character. 



The evils of conformation, like the good qualities, are transmitted gen- 

 erally by the act of generation. If it does not have the ability to do this, 

 one should quickly correct it. 



Here the bovine race has been much neglected in all these respects. A 

 judicious choice, and a scrupulous attention is not always prevalent in se- 

 lecting a breeding animal ; thus it results in a fatal re-generation, to which 

 it is time to put a stop. 



Before giving the distinctive characteristics of the ten classes of bulls, 

 it will be useful to mention those classes which are oftener met in French 

 and foreign races ; and also those which are more rare. 



The classes which are most distributed, and which present the greatest 

 number of bulls, are in all races these three classes: 1. The Curved-line ; 

 2. The Limousine ; 3. The Horizontal. 



The classes on the contrary, which present but a very small number of 

 subjects, are in the following order: 



4. Demijohn. 8. Left Flanders. 



5. Bicorne. 9. Double Selvage. 



6. Square-cut. 10. Flanders. 

 1. Selvage. 



