34 THE HUMAN BRAIN. 



which may be grouped into two, an animal and an automatic; the 

 lowest of these is a nerve machine, the higher in its twofold aspect 

 is a nerve animal, with senses. We know nothing that expresses so 

 physiologically the case between the automatic and the other part of 

 this system as the ratio of the living creatures to the wheels in 

 Ezekiel. "And when the living creatures went, the wheels went 

 by them; and when the living creatures were lifted up from the 

 earth, the wheels were lifted up. Whithersoever the spirit was to 

 go, they went, thither was their spirit to go ; and the wheels were 

 lifted up over against them : for the spirit of the living creature was 

 in the wheels. When those went, these went; and when those 

 stood, these stood; and when those were lifted up from the earth, 

 the wheels were lifted up over against them : for the spirit of the 

 living creature was in the wheels/'* 



On arriving in our upward course at the cerebral hemispheres, 

 we have come to a group of functions which represent the powers of 

 the mind : consequently here we have no longer a simple centre to 

 consider, but an organ with various essences. For the mind is evi- 

 dently twofold ; at the first analysis it is a rational spring on the 

 one hand, and an animal spring on the other. It may be devoted 

 to the truth of things, and proceed from thought to judgment, and 

 from judgment to will, and so give the dictates of reasonable actions. 

 Or it may be spent upon gratifications, and run from imagination 



to a certain distance from the organism, and yet be capable of reassuming its 

 place. 



In the case of narcotism the separation takes place from above downwards : 

 the mind is first taken away, then the senses, and lastly the breath : but some- 

 times the reverse process occurs, as at the hour of death, and first impressibility, 

 and second sensibility are lost ; whilst the mind retains its clearness, or even 

 enjoys additional powers of circumvision and forethought. These states are 

 opposite, although the beholder may mistake them for each other. 



And not only disease, but the ordinary state, shows the separateness of the 

 nervous pieces. Through the greater portion of life, thought and will are dor- 

 mant, or the tops of the hemispheres are not in action, though the man is con- 

 scious. Many times also imagination and desire are completely at rest, although 

 feeling is left ; the eye immits rivers of objects without stirring any motions but 

 its own as it rolls magnetically after the pictures. And then again we experience 

 numerous twitches and convulsive movements for which we cannot account, or 

 in other words, which are originated in the circle below the sensual brain. 



* Chap. i. verses 19—21. 



