THE CEREBRUM OR ANIMAL BRAIN. 35 



to choice, and from choice to desire, and thus stimulate animal 

 actions. In short, there are two minds in man ; the one which he 

 possesses in common with animals; the other which is properly 

 human. But where do we find these two in the cerebral hemi- 

 spheres ? 



To this we reply that the whole cerebrum is the general sensori- 

 um; that is to say, the residence of the animal mind, or the mind 

 of the senses. For the fibres coming up from beneath diverge to 

 the entire cerebrum, and terminate in its cortex. This brain, then, 

 as related to the incitements of sensation, comprises the various 

 powers which sensation stimulates, and into which it passes ; that 

 is to say, it includes memory, imagination, desire, and again the 

 corresponding series of animal determinations which give birth to 

 their proper actions. To this general sensory and motory head we 

 also refer many faculties which go under the name of instinct; its 

 great tides of change are emotions, joy and sorrow, and the like ; 

 and its general states we term moods. The passions are the lords 

 of this worldly brain, by which man sympathizes with all nature in 

 its own way, being governed by the moon and the weather, the 

 circumstances of his society and his age, and whatever influences 

 come from without. The absence of moral freedom characterizes 

 its actions, when these proceed from itself alone. Its faculties are 

 vague and general, and move altogether in their mass. It gives the 

 pervading temperament and tone to the animal body, and being the 

 highest expression of animal life, and bulky and forcible with our 

 whole nature, its actions animate the frame with prodigious vigor 

 and universality, as we see in the case of the various passions and 

 emotions. Contrivance, cunning, and a number of conjointly 

 human and animal qualities belong to this general sensory, and put 

 on the appearance of wisdom or reason, not only in animals but in 

 men : so that whether such or such actions argue reason is an equal 

 problem in both creatures. 



On the other hand the human mind, as distinct from its own 

 animal mind, appears to reside in the cortical circumferences alone, 

 and to play upon none but the very centres of nervous power, and 

 not upon these in the gross, but with skill and discrimination. 

 Thus it does not consist in new materials, or fresh parts, but in 



