G OnAPTEE 1. 



one side, namely on that furthest from the horses' nostrils. The air 

 enters behind the horses and passes thi'ough the stable, and picks up 

 whatever foul emanations may have arisen from the bedding, urine, &c., 

 before it is presented to the nostrils to be breathed. Again, the horse 

 stands in the portion of the stable in which the air is most stagnant. 



We shall make suggestions hereafter for the improvement of these and 

 other stables of defective construction. 



Plan B represents a four-stall stable of a construction very common in 

 London. It has only one door and one window at one end. There is no 

 thorough ventilation. The horse nearest to the window may get some 

 pure air, the second must get less, and the evil increases with each suc- 

 ceeding horse. It is impossible to have pure air in a stable of this 

 construction. It is radically bad. 



Plan C. The mischief is of course immensely augmented when this 

 plan of construction is applied to a six- or eight-stall stable. 



In London of late years the evil of this plan has been greatly dimin- 

 ished by making the skylight at the end, if there is one, to open. 



Plan D represents an eight-stall stable having a door and window at 

 each end, with the horses standing in a single row or line. 



Plan E represents a stable of similar construction with sixteen stalls, 

 the horses standing in two lines with a passage between them. This was 

 until recent years the ordinary barrack construction. 



Both these stables have the great advantage of thorough ventilation. 

 They can therefore be kept pretty sweet, but not without a sensible 

 amount of draught. It is obvious, however, that only the horses next to 

 the windows obtain really pure air. All the rest must imbibe air tainted 

 by the breath of the horses nearer the windows, and by the other 

 emanations of the stable. The evil necessarily increases as the centre of 

 the stable is approached. 



Plan F is a double-line stable of similar construction to E, but with 

 26 horses on each side — i. e. 52 in all. If there is a window on each 

 side over each horse the stable will be healthy ; or if other buildings inter- 

 fere with windows, louvre boards running the length of the stable may 

 be substituted. 



12. True princijjles of construction. 



From the peculiar properties of heated air, as explained in the early 

 part of this chapter, there need be but little difficulty in getting rid of 

 it. The best means of doing so will be detailed hereafter. 



The real difficulty lies in providing for the admission of fresh air in 

 quantities sufficient to maintain the purity of the stable without causing 

 in some part or other a sensible and inconvenient draught. This diffi- 

 culty, however, or, in other words, the need of draught, decreases in 

 proportion as the air has a less distance to travel before it is presented 

 to the nostrils of the horse. 



With this view it is essential, as a primary rule, that no more than 

 two horses should be placed between the opposite sources of air. Plan G. 



