OPEN JOINT. 353 



Caries of the spinous processes of the bones of the vertebrae ocrnsion- 

 ally supervenes. It. will l)e indicated by the oti'ensive smell proceedin;^ 

 from the sinuses. Unlike the similar occurrence in poll evil, this further 

 development is easily treated ; and a radical cure without any injurious 

 result may generally be effected by removing the injured portions of tho 

 bone by the bone forceps. The parts, as a general rule, heal over favor- 

 ably, and nothing more than a slight hollow will be noticed about the 

 withers. 



CHAPTER i7. 

 OPEN JOINT. 



714. Three sorts of joints. 715. SynovialJoints. 716. True open Joint. 

 717. Brohen knee. 718. Chief danger in open Joint. 719. Treatment. 

 720. After-treatment. 722. Old method of treatment. 723. Amo^int of 

 blemish resulting from Broken Knee. 724. Wotinds or bruises of the Knee 

 not producing open Joint. 725. Injuries of Sheaths of Tendons and Liga- 

 ments. 726. Wounds of the Hock Joint. 727. Wounds of the Navicular 

 Joint. 728. Wounds of the Fetlock Joint. 729. Wounds of the Elbow and 

 Shoulder Joint. 730. Wounds of the Stifle Joint. 



714. Three soi'ts of Joints. 



A joint is the apposition of two or more bones, however united. There 

 are three sorts of joints, namely, 1st, Those which are immoveable, being 

 united together by sutures. Of this class is the union of the bones of 

 the cranium or skull. 2nd. Those in which there is a limited amount of 

 motion, being united by symphysis, but without synovia. Of this class 

 are the pubis and the bodies of the vertebrae. 3rd. Synovial joints 

 united together by ligaments, in which there is full motion. Of this 

 class are the knee and the hock. 



715. Synovial Joints. 



In synovial joints the bones are protected from friction against each 

 other by being tipped by cartilage. The joint itseK is enclosed by a sac, 

 technically called a capsular ligament. The inner surface of this sac is 

 lined with a serous covering called synovial membrane, which secretes a 

 clear viscid fluid for the lubrication of the joint. 



The bones are kept in apposition, and in fact the joint is maintained 

 by ligaments attached to eminences of the respective bones. 



Besides the ligaments properly pertaining to the joint, it often happens 

 that it is strengthened 1)y the passage over it ot the large and long 



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