SPACE, TIME, MATTER, MOTION, AND FORCE, 167 



both directions, become recognized as co-existences. End- 

 less experiences, which from moment to moment present 

 both orders of these relations, render the distinction between 

 them perfectly definite; and at the same time generate an 

 abstract conception of each. The abstract of all sequences 

 is Time. The abstract of all co-existences is Space. From 

 the fact that in thought, Time is inseparable from sequence, 

 and Space from co-existence, we do not here infer that Time 

 and Space are original conditions of consciousness under 

 which sequences and co-existences are known ; but we infer 

 that our conceptions of Time and Space are gener- 

 ated, as other abstracts are generated from other con- 

 cretes: the only difference being, that the organiza- 

 tion of experiences has, in these cases, been going on 

 throughout the entire evolution of intelligence. 



This synthesis is confirmed by analysis. Our conscious- 

 ness of Space is a consciousness of co-existent positions. 

 Any limited portion of space can be conceived only by 

 representing its limits as co-existing in certain relative posi- 

 tions; and each of its imagined boundaries, be it line or 

 plane, can be thought of in no other way than as made up of 

 co-existent positions in close proximity. And since a posi- 

 tion is not an entity — since the congeries of positions which 

 constitute any conceived portion of space, and mark its 

 bounds, are not sensible existences; it follows that the 

 co-existent positions which make up our consciousness of 

 Space, are not co-existences in the full sense of the word 

 (which implies realities as their terms), but are the blank 

 forms of co-existences, left behind when the realities are 

 absent; that is, are the abstracts of co-existences. The 



experiences out of which, during the evolution of intel- 

 ligence, this abstract of all co-existences has been generated, 

 are experiences of individual positions as ascertained by 

 touch; and each of such experiences involves the resistance 

 of an object touched, and the muscular tension which meas- 

 ures this resistance. By countless unlike muscular adjust- 



