354 THE LAW OF EVOLUTION CONTINUED. 



and commands they uttered during their lives are held sa- 

 cred after their deaths, and are enforced by their divinely- 

 descended successors; who in their turns are promoted to 

 the pantheon of the race, there to be worshipped and 

 propitiated along with their predecessors; the most an- 

 cient of whom is the supreme god, and the rest subordinate 

 gods. For a long time these connate forms of government — 

 civil and religious — continue closely associated. For many 

 generations the king continues to be the chief priest, and the 

 priesthood to be members of the royal race. For many ages 

 religious law continues to contain more or less of civil regu- 

 lation, and civil law to possess more or less of religious sanc- 

 tion; and even among the most advanced nations these two 

 controlling agencies are by no means completely differen- 

 tiated from each other. Having a common root 

 with these, and gradually diverging from them, we find yet 

 another controlling agency — that of Manners or ceremonial 

 usages. All titles of honour are originally the names of the 

 god-king; afterwards of God and the king; still later of per- 

 sons of high rank; and finally come, some of them, to be used 

 between man and man. All forms of complimentary ad- 

 dress were at first the expressions of submission from prison- 

 ers to their conqueror, or from subjects to their ruler, either 

 human or divine — expressions that were afterwards used to 

 propitiate subordinate authorities, and slowly descended into 

 ordinary intercourse. All modes of salutation were once 

 obeisances made before the monarch and used in worship of 

 him after his death. Presently others of the god-descended 

 race were similarly saluted ; and by degrees some of the salu- 

 tations have become the due of all.* Tims, no sooner does 

 the originally homogeneous social mass differentiate into 

 the governed and the governing parts, than this last exhib- 

 its an incipient differentiation into religious and secular — 

 Church and State ; while at the same time there begins to be 

 differentiated from both, that less de'finite species of gov- 

 * For detailed proof of these assertions see essay on Manners and Fashion. 



