THE LAW OF EVOLUTION CONTINUED. 303 



Egyptians represented the triumphs and worship of their 

 god-kings. Perhaps no example can be given which more 

 vividly illustrates the multiplicity and heterogeneity of the 

 products that in course of time may arise by successive dif- 

 ferentiations from a common stock. 



Before passing to other classes of facts, it should be ob- 

 served that the evolution of the homogeneous into the het- 

 erogeneous is displayed not only in the separation of Paint- 

 ing and Sculpture from Architecture and from each other, 

 and in the greater variety of subjects they embody; but it is 

 further shown in the structure of each work. A modern 

 picture or statue is of far more heterogeneous nature than an 

 ancient one. An Egyptian sculpture-fresco represents all its 

 figures as on one plane — that is, at the same distance from 

 the eye; and so is less heterogeneous than a painting that 

 represents them as at various distances from the eye. It ex- 

 hibits all objects as exposed to the same degree of light; and 

 so is less heterogeneous than a painting which exhibits differ- 

 ent objects, and different parts of each object, as in different 

 degrees of light. It uses scarcely any but the primary col- 

 ours, and these in their full intensity; and so is less hetero- 

 geneous than a painting which, introducing the primary col- 

 ours but sparingly, employs an endless variety of intermedi- 

 ate tints, each of heterogeneous composition, and dif- 

 fering from the rest not only in quality but in in- 

 tensity. Moreover, we see in these earliest works 

 a great uniformity of conception. The same arrangement 

 of figures is perpetually reproduced — the same actions, 

 attitudes, faces, dresses. In Egypt the modes of representa- 

 tion were so fixed that it was sacrilege to introduce a nov- 

 elty; and indeed it could have been only in consequence 

 of a fixed mode of representation that a system of hiero- 

 glyphics became possible. The Assyrian bas-reliefs display 

 parallel characters. Deities, kings, attendants, winged-fig- 

 ures and animals, are severally depicted in like positions, 

 holding like implements, doing like things, and with like 



