THE MULTIPLICATION OF EFFECTS. 445 



thered by this multiplication of effects. An incident force 

 decomposed by the reactions of a body into a group of un- 

 like forces — a uniform force thus reduced to a multiform 

 force — becomes the cause of a secondary increase of multi- 

 formity in the body which decomposes it. In the last chap- 

 ter we saw that the several parts of an aggregate are differ- 

 ently modified by any incident force. It has just been 

 shown that by the reactions of the differently modified parts, 

 the incident force itself must be divided into differently 

 modified parts. Here it remains to point out that each dif- 

 ferentiated division of the aggregate, thus becomes a centre 

 from which a differentiated division of the original force is 

 again diffused. And since unlike forces must produce 

 unlike results, each of these differentiated forces must 

 produce, throughout the aggregate, a further series of differ- 

 entiations. This secondary cause of the change 

 from homogeneity to heterogeneity, obviously becomes 

 more potent in proportion as the heterogeneity increases. 

 When the parts into which any evolving whole has segre- 

 gated itself, have diverged widely in nature, they will neces- 

 sarily react very diversely on any incident force — they will 

 divide an incident force into so many strongly contrasted 

 groups of forces. And each of them becoming the centre 

 of a quite distinct set of influences, must add to the num- 

 ber of distinct secondary changes wrought throughout the 

 aggregate. Yet another corollary must be added. 

 The number of unlike parts of which an aggregate consists, 

 as well as the degree of their unlikeness, is an important 

 factor in the process. Every additional specialized division 

 is an additional centre of specialized forces. If a uniform 

 whole, in being itself made multiform by an incident force, 

 makes the incident force multiform ; if a whole consisting of 

 two unlike sections, divides an incident force into two un- 

 like groups of multiform forces; it is clear that each new 

 unlike section must be a further source of complication 

 among the forces at work throughout the mass — a further 



