THE MULTIPLICATION OF EFFECTS. 461 



respecting structure and plumage; would be reminded of 

 various instances of birds brought by storms from foreign 

 parts — would tell who found them, who stuffed them, who 

 bought them. Supposing the unknown bird taken to a natu- 

 ralist of the old school, interested only in externals, (one of 

 those described by the late Edward Forbes, as examining 

 animals as though they were merely skins filled with straw,) 

 it would excite in him a more involved series of mental 

 changes: there would be an elaborate examination of the 

 feathers, a noting of all their technical distinctions, with a 

 reduction of these perceptions to certain equivalent written 

 symbols; reasons for referring the enw form to a particular 

 family, order, and genus would be sought out and written 

 clown; communications with the secretary of some society, 

 or editor of some journal, would follow; and probably 

 there would be not a few thoughts about the addition of 

 the ii to the describer's name, to form the name of the 

 species. Lastly, in the mind of a comparative anatomist, 

 such a new species, should it happen to have any marked in- 

 ternal peculiarity, might produce additional sets of changes 

 — might very possibly suggest modified views respecting 

 the relationships of the division to which it belonged; or, 

 perhaps, alter his conceptions of the homologies and devel- 

 opments of certain organs; and the conclusions drawn might 

 not improbably enter as elements into still wider inquiries 

 concerning the origin of organic forms. 



From ideas let us turn to emotions. In a young child, a 

 father's anger produces little else than vague fear — a .dis- 

 agreeable sense of impending evil, taking various shapes of 

 physical suffering or deprivation of pleasures. In elder chil- 

 dren, the same harsh words will arouse additional feelings: 

 sometimes a sense of shame, of penitence, or of sorrow for 

 having offended; at other times, a sense of injustice, and a 

 consequent anger. In the wife, yet a further range of feel- 

 ings may come into existence — perhaps wounded affection, 

 perhaps self-pity for ill-usage, perhaps contempt for ground- 



