490 SEGREGATION. 



of least resistance. The feelings characterizing a member 

 of a given race, are feelings which get complete satisfaction 

 only among other members of that race — a satisfaction 

 partly derived from sympathy with those having like feel- 

 ings, but mainly derived from the adapted social conditions 

 which grow up where such feelings prevail. When, there- 

 fore, a citizen of any nation is, as we see, attracted towards 

 others of his nation, the rationale is, that certain agencies 

 which we call desires, move him in the direction of least 

 resistance. Human motions, like all other motions, being 

 determined by the distribution of forces, it follows that 

 such segregations of races as are not produced by incident 

 external forces, are produced by forces which the units of 

 the races exercise on each other. 



. During the development of each society, we see analo- 

 gous segregations caused in analogous ways. A few of them 

 result from minor natural affinities; but those most impor- 

 tant ones which constitute political and industrial organiza- 

 tion, result from the union of men in whom similarities have 

 been produced by education — using education in its widest 

 sense, as comprehending all processes by which citizens are 

 moulded to special functions. Men brought up to bodily 

 labour, are men who have had wrought in them a certain 

 likeness — a likeness which, in respect of their powers of ac- 

 tion, obscures and subordinates their natural differences. 

 Those trained to brain-work, have acquired a certain other 

 community of character which makes them, as social units, 

 more like each other than like those trained to manual occu- 

 pations. And there arise class-segregations answering to 

 these superinduced likenesses. Much more definite segrega- 

 tions take place among the much more definitely assimi- 

 lated members of any class who are brought up to the same 

 calling. Even where the necessities of their work forbid 

 concentration in one locality, as among artizans happens 

 with masons and bricklayers, and among traders happens 

 with the retail distributors, and among professionals happens 



