344 



XEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



surface of the abdomen. Three segments project beyond the tips of the 

 wing pads. 



The grub is a stout, brown headed, white larva about 3g inch king. 

 The tips of the mouth parts and adjacent sutures are dark brown or black. 

 The most prominent characteristic of this grub is the group of seven dark, 

 chitinous spines on the horny anal plate. They are arranged as follows : 

 an anterior transverse row of three, two wider apart behind and between 

 these latter two, two others, one in front of the other [fig. 66]. 



Life history. The life history of this insect has received considerable 

 attention at the hands of Dr Hopkins who states that hibernating adults 

 commence to fly in the latitude of Morgantown W. \"a., as early as Ap. 20 

 and that all have emerged by May 10. Beetles from hibernating pupae 

 and larvae emerge later. He records an instance when this beetle appeared 

 in immense swarms soon after emerging from winter quarters and states 

 that many were attracted by recently painted buildings and furniture shops, 

 freshly sawed pine, lumber, etc., by the odor of turpentine. 



Dr Hopkins states that this insect prefers to enter the bark of dying 

 trees or the stumps of recently felled ones and that it will attack healthy 

 trees only when it has no more favorable conditions. He finds that it 

 shows a decided preference for the living bark at the base of trees and 

 stumps and even the exposed roots, in which it excavates broad galleries. 



It rarely breeds in the bark of logs. Dr Hopkins states that the 

 primary gallery is usually extended longitudinally both above and below 

 the main entrance, seldom in a lateral direction, though the secondary or 

 drainage galleries may do so. Along the sides of the main or secondary 

 galleries 20 to 40 eggs are placed in a mass and when the larvae emerge 

 they proceed in a body to feed on the bark before them, working side by 

 side. Plate 58, figure 4, illustrates a primary gallery of this species and 

 shows how the walls have been preserved by the infiltrating pitch. The 

 young grubs were working from one side of this gallery and had eaten out 

 an irregular area of considerable size. 



Dr Hopkins states that the first egg depositing period extends through 



