INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 



353 



Stage of this insect's work is sliown at plate 57, figure 2, which represents 

 a portion of a female gallery together with a great many very irregular 

 larval mines, several pupal cells and a few exit holes. This insect and its 

 relatives may cause considerable injur)- to the inner bark without any very 

 perceptible exterior signs. Plate 57, figure i, represents a portion of pine 

 bark, the inner surface of which has been badly mined by this ijorer. The 

 early work of this species is shown on plate 58, figure 1, 2. 



The work of this species in the thinner bark of the middle portion of 

 a )oung pine is well shown on plate 59, figure i, 2. The view of the inner 

 aspect of the bark [fig. 2] shows the galleries of the Tomicus very plainly 

 indeed and also the broader shallow workings of young Monohammus 

 larvae. A great number of exit holes are represented in figure i by the 

 light spots. Both of these illustrations were taken with alight background, 

 consequently the exit holes appear as white spots. 



E)r Fitch has noticed this insect and he 

 states that the adult burrows have some resem- 

 blance to the fingers of a hand spread apart or 

 to the track of a bird, in that they diverge from 

 a common center ami run up and down the tree. 

 He states that this insect may be found under 

 the bark of old white pines. 



Prof. A. D. Hopkins records this species as "'lij;. /iT''c\ei'a";sn^T.'"c'ac"a! 

 exceedingly common in the bark of white pine s'^-ii' '"Mor.g.naii 

 in West Virginia and observes that it attacks all other kinds of pine in 

 that State. He has also found it in both the larch and black spruce, but 

 not so commonly as in the pine. In ]Ma\' and June 1897 he found it quite 

 common excavating egg galleries in the living bark of black spruce and 

 his observations led him to conclude that under favorable conditions it 

 might prove a very destructive enemy of this tree. 



Preventive measures. Methods of service in controlling the preceding 

 species will also prove valuable in checking this borer. 



